Fungi Chapter 31

Slide 2 of 15 Fungal Commonalities  Heterotrophic & Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Important in the ecosystem as decomposers  Cell walls composed of chitin  Extracellular digestion of food by hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the fungus, then the nutrients are absorbed into the fungus’s body by diffusion  Yeast, Mold, & Mushrooms

Slide 3 of 15 Fungal Morphology

Slide 4 of 15 All Fungi  Built from filamentous structures called hyphae  Hyphae form meshes of branching filamentous structures called mycelium  Mycelium absorbs food for the fungus  Reproduction involves spores  Decomposers, parasites, mutualists

Slide 5 of 15 2 Types of Fungi  Two basic types of fungi  Those with septae (divide hyphae filaments into different compartments  Those without septae (coenocytic)

Slide 6 of 15 Predominantly Haploid  Plasmogamy – WTF**?  Karyogamy – WTF**? ** WTF = Why The Face (“Modern Family” Reference)

Slide 7 of 15 Questions 1. Most fungi are autotrophic – True/False? 2. Most fungi are unicellular or multicellular? 3. What is the different about coenocytic fungi? 4. What is the cell wall component in fungi? 5. Fungus life cycle is predominantly haploid or diploid?

Slide 8 of 15 Zygomycota  Terrestrial  Coencytic  Sexual Reproduction

Slide 9 of 15 Basidiomycota  Club fungi  Wood decomposers  Mushrooms & ‘Shrooms

Slide 10 of 15 Ascomycota  Sac fungi  Asci – sac-like structures that produce sex spores  Yeast & Sordaria  Usually saprobic

Slide 11 of 15 We like Fungi…  Pencillium mold produces penicillin  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Fermentation of sugars used to rise bread or create EtOH beverages  What type of respiration?

Slide 12 of 15 Lichens… Again  Mutualistic symbiosis  Lichen = photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria + fungus (usually ascomycota)  Photosynthetic symbiont – produces sugar that is absorbed by fungus  Sometimes will even fix nitrogen for fungus  Fungus – protects and physical support for photosynthetic symbiont  Sometimes provides absorbed minerals as well

Slide 13 of 15 Lichen Anatomy

Slide 14 of 15 Lichens  Pioneer organisms  Break-down rocks by chemically and physically penetrating it.

Slide 15 of 15 Watch Stamets Video