Glory that was Greece to Alexander the Great
Government Height of democracy Male citizens held office Ostracism: temporary banishment of a citizen, decided by popular vote Pericles (Golden Age of Athens)
431 BC Conflict between Athens and Sparta Lasted 27 years Aftermath a. Greece was politically unstable b. Athens 2nd rate power c. City-state wars continue Peloponnesian War
Philosophers- “lovers of wisdom” Rhetoric- the artful skill of speaking Socrates Socratic Method: examine beliefs and ideas through critical questioning Philosophers
Plato Academy: a special school in Athens for teaching philosophy “The Republic”: Plato's view of the perfect society 3 classes: philosophers, soldiers, & workers Looked down on democracy Allegory of the Cave Philosophers
Aristotle “Golden Mean”: the desirable middle between two extremes Lyceum: school where he gave lectures Philosophers
Drama & History Tragedies Aeschylus, Sophocles, &Euripides History Herodotus: Father of History Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War
Goal to unite Greece Organized the best-disciplined army in Macedonian history Used phalanxes Philip II
Alexander the Great Conquered Persian Empire Established empire that extended from Greece to Egypt & India Almost never lost a battle
Empire of Alexander the Great
Alexandria was capital of empire Most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture (Hellenistic Culture) Legacy of Alexander
Advances Pythagoras- Pythagorean Theorem: derived a formula for the sides of a triangle Euclid- basis of geometry
Advances Hippocrates- considered to be the founder of medical science Archimedes- applied physics to practical inventions- lever and pulley