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Sonnets Round 2

Figurative Language #1

Figure of Speech 1.Any way of saying something other than the ordinary way 2.Moves language from the literal meaning to a more representative meaning 3.Today: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Apostrophe, and Synecdoche & Metonymy

Simile Comparison expressed with: –Like –As –Than –Similar to –Resembles –Seems Metaphor Comparison NOT expressed Instead, substituted for literal term –Named –Implied

Four Similes, One Metaphor Harlem by Langston Hughes What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

Metaphor: Named or Implied? #291 by Emily Dickinson It sifts from Leaden Sieves - It powders all the Wood. It fills with Alabaster Wool The Wrinkles of the Road - It makes an even Face Of Mountain, and of Plain - Unbroken Forehead from the East Unto the East again - It reaches to the Fence - It wraps it Rail by Rail Till it is lost in Fleeces - It deals Celestial Vail To Stump, and Stack - and Stem - A Summer’s empty Room - Acres of Joints, where Harvests were, Recordless, but for them - It Ruffles Wrists of Posts As Ankles of a Queen - Then stills it’s Artisans -like Ghosts - Denying they have been -

Personification Subtype of a metaphor Requires a human-like action or behavior “It reaches to the Fence - It wraps it Rail by Rail” Apostrophe Addressing someone not present or dead Or addressing something non-human as if it could reply “Oh, Lord, won’t you buy me a Mercedes Benz?”

Bright Star by JOHN KEATS Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art— Not in lone splendour hung aloft the night And watching, with eternal lids apart, Like nature's patient, sleepless Eremite, The moving waters at their priestlike task Of pure ablution round earth's human shores, Or gazing on the new soft-fallen mask Of snow upon the mountains and the moors— No—yet still stedfast, still unchangeable, Pillow'd upon my fair love's ripening breast, To feel for ever its soft fall and swell, Awake for ever in a sweet unrest, Still, still to hear her tender-taken breath, And so live ever—or else swoon to death.

Like Comparisons Synecdoche Using the part for the whole –“I got a new set of wheels” (wheels stand for the whole car) Metonymy Use of something closely related for the actual thing meant –“hold up your cut hand, as if to keep the life from spilling out” (life stands for blood) Dead Metaphor: When something has become so much a part of the language, that they no longer seem like figurative language. ex. Redhead & Blonde (red-headed and blonde persons), tongues (languages), hands (workers)

"Terence, this is stupid stuff! You eat your victuals fast enough; There can't be much amiss, 'tis clear, To see the rate you drink your beer… …And malt does more than Milton can To justify God's ways to man. Ale, man, ale's the stuff to drink For fellows whom it hurts to think: Look into the pewter pot To see the world as the world's not… …It should do good to heart and head When your soul is in my soul's stead; And I will friend you, if I may, In the dark and cloudy day… Alfred Edward Housman

Work Time Be prepared to explain the figurative language in your poem

Do Now: Read Frost’s “Out, Out—” on page 773 What is the poem about?

Allusion A reference to something in history or previous literature as a means of suggesting something far more than what is written.

Macbeth: She should have died hereafter; There would have been a time for such a word. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.

“Out, Out---” by Robert Frost Where are the allusions? –The title –“A Word” –“Nothing” How do these allusions change the meaning of the Frost poem? P. 773

Today’s Task: 8 groups 1.“in Just” (776) 2.“Yet Do I Marvel” (777) 3.“On Blindness” ( ) 4.“Miniver Cheevy” ( ) 5.“My Son the Man” ( ) 6.“Siren Song” ( ) 7.“Journey of the Magi” ( ) 8.“Leda and the Swan” (783)

Today’s Task, Cont. Read the poem and answer: What is this about? Identify the allusions and research the corresponding story Explain how this changes or deepens the meaning of the poem.

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