Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Warm-up #21.4 (29.4) 12. What was the name for President Wilson’s plan for the postwar world? 13. Which country took 100% of the blame for WWI under the Treaty of Versailles? 14. How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany? 15. Why did the US not want to join the League of Nations points 13. Germany 14. Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred 15. Did not want to be involved in European affairs

Chapter 30 Revolution and Nationalism

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Section 1 Revolutions In Russia

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Czars Resist Change The revolution in Russia had been building for nearly 100 years Alexander II, assassinated in 1881 for being too slow to reform, will be replaced by an absolutist (Alexander III) He will be harsh towards revolutionaries Censorship, secret police, monitoring students, political dissidents punished severely Forbade diversity (especially Judaism) Alex III will be replaced by Nicholas II in 1894 Same policies of harshness

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Russian Industrialization Between 1863 and 1900, the number of factories doubled In 1890, Nicholas focused Russia’s attention on rapid industrialization It worked but it also stirred discontent among the people

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Revolutionary Movement Begins Worsening conditions (harsh work, low wages, child labor, no unions) led to workers striking New groups started to form One particular group celebrated the ideas of Marx Wanted to form a “dictatorship of the proletariat” (workers)

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Bolsheviks and Lenin In 1903, two Marxist camps formed Moderates (Mensheviks) wanted a broad base (lots of followers) Radicals (Bolsheviks) wanted a few, very loyal followers for extreme reformers willing to sacrifice everything The Bolsheviks eventually followed Vladimir Lenin Organized, engaging, and ruthless Led the revolution from abroad after fleeing arrest in the early 1900s

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Crisis 1: Japan Between 1904 and 1917, Russia quickly deteriorated Competition for Manchuria/Korea led to the Russo-Japanese War Russia loses

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Crisis #2: Bloody Sunday 200,000 workers, on strike, approached Czar Nicholas II’s winter palace Petition for rights (working conditions, freedom, democratic legislature) Hundreds were killed when the generals order the soldiers to fire on the crowd Strikes spread rapidly, resulting in Nicholas creating the Duma (Parliament) Lasted 10 weeks before being disbanded

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Crisis #3 (the final straw): WWI Russia was being humiliated in battle after battle with Germany People blamed the weak Russian leadership Nicholas II goes to the Eastern Front to set up camp and rally the troops Alexandra (wife) was left in charge and allowed Rasputin to make key political decisions Nobles kill Rasputin because of his growing power

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 March Revolution March 1917, protests will break out. Soldiers initially fire on protestors but eventually join with them Czar Nicholas II stepped down He + family executed 1 year later With nobody to replace the Czar, a provisional (temporary) government was put in place

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Soviets People grew more radical under the provisional government They began creating councils (soviets) of workers in each city. They often became more powerful than the government Lenin will return from exile (with the help of Germany) in April 1917

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Revolution Lenin and his supporters begin to take control of the soviets In Nov 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace and arrest leaders of the provisional government Farms were redistributed Factories went to the workers WWI was ended (for them) Anger at the Bolsheviks led to a civil war (White vs Red) The white army was unorganized and, by 1920, had lost As many Russians died than in the WWI by all sides

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Restoring Order The war had destroyed Russia Lenin introduced the NEP (New Economic Policy) intended to turn things around Peasants could sell surplus crops Small businesses could be privately owned By 1928, Russia was back to pre-WWI production

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Maintaining Control Lenin renamed Russia the USSR in 1922 as a tribute to the soviets The Bolsheviks became the Communist Party and passed a constitution The Communist Party had created a dictatorship Lenin’s stroke (1922) left control of the party to Joseph Stalin

AND NOW… Continue working on “The Great War” Project WWI rations posters WWI propaganda posters WWI before and after map Europe WWI military technology Chapter 30 Vocab Crossword

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Warm-up #22.1 (30.1) 1. What was the name of the radical Marxist revolutionaries? 2. What happened immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution? (3) 3. How did Alexander III and Nicholas II spur on the Russian Revolution? 1. Bolsheviks 2. Factories went to workers, farmland was redistributed, treaty signed with Germany 3. They were autocrats with no reform

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Section 2 Totalitarianism

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Totalitarianism Under Stalin, the USSR controlled every aspect of life Tools of totalitarianism: Police terror – crush opposition and dissent Indoctrination – use education to glorify the leader/policies Propaganda/Censorship Religious persecution – scapegoats

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Stalin: Fear and Persecution Used secret police/informers Tanks to stop riots Monitored phone calls, read mail Great Purge: Stalin eliminates ANYONE (especially fellow revolutionaries) who might pose a threat (8-13 million people) Religion gets replaced with communism (League of the Militant Godless) Destroy churches and synagogues

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Propaganda and Indoctrination Stalin controlled all sources of information newspapers and entertainment companies Individuality was bad Schools were required to teach the virtues of the Communists To question would result in firing/imprisonment

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Command Economy In 1928, Stalin took control of the USSR’s economy The government made all economic decisions He will focus on industrial and agricultural revolutions Stalin created a Five-Year Plan Impossible quotas for steel, coal, oil, and electricity Reduced consumer goods Lack of housing, food, and clothes While people suffered, the country’s industrial output significantly increased

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Agricultural Reform At the same time, the USSR took over 25 million farms and combined them into collective farms Hundreds of families worked to produce food for the state Within 10 years, 90% of farmers lived on collectives

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Benefits of Stalin Women’s roles The Bolsheviks declared women and men to be equal during the Revolution By 1950, 75% of doctors were women Education “If a person does not want to become a collective farmer or just a cleaning woman, the only means you have to get something is through education.”

AND NOW… Chapter 30 Vocab due tomorrow Continue working on “The Great War” Project WWI rations posters WWI propaganda posters WWI before and after map Europe WWI military technology Unit 7A Study Guide

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Warm-up #22.2 (30.2) 4. What term describes a government that controls every aspect of public and private life? 5. What was the name for Stalin’s economic reform proposals? 6. What areas were the focus of Stalin’s reforms? 4. Totalitarian 5. Five-Year plans 6. Industrial and agricultural revolution

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Section 3 Imperial China Collapses

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Nationalists Overthrow the Qing The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, began in the early 1900s Sun Yixian, a Kuomintang leader, overthrew the last Qing emperor in 1911 Becomes the first president Nationalism Democracy Economic strength Lacking the strength, Sun hands power to a general who abandons democracy His death leads to a civil war

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 WWI Adds to the Trouble The civil war left provincial warlords in charge China, having joined the Allies before the war was over, was incensed over the awarding of German held lands in China to Japan in the Treaty of Versailles An explosion of protests erupted on May fourth (May Fourth Movement) Nationalism and calls for a strong, modern nation Some began to consider communism as the answer

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Communist Party in China 1921 – the group is founded Mao Zedong, one of the founders, envisioned a rural revolution Sun’s death led to Jiang Jieshi taking control of the Nationalists China’s weakening government led to more support for the Communists, especially the peasants Jiang will eventually turn on the Communists, nearly wiping them out (Shanghai Massacre) 4/12/1927 The West will recognize Jiang as rightful leader, Russia will not

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Civil War The 1927 attack on Communists resulted in a civil war Fought from the countryside using guerilla tactics 1933 – Jiang and 700,000 men force the Communists on the Long March (6000 mile journey to northern China over the course of a year) Lost 90% of their people In 1937, Japan invaded and the two sides joined together, although never fully trusting the other

And Now… Continue working on WWI projects Due Friday Make sure your notebook is ready to turn in on Thursday Study Guide Notes Vocabulary (Ch )

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Warm-up #22.3 (30.3) 7. Which group did most Chinese peasants side with in the 1920s? 8. What did Sun Yixian accomplish? 9. The ___ were led on the “Long March” by the ______. 10. Who was awarded the German spheres of influence in China following WWI? 7. Communists 8. Overthrew the last Chinese emperor 9. Communists; nationalists 10. Japan

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Section 4 Nationalism in India

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Indian Nationalism 1885/1906 the Hindu/Muslim independence groups were created Promised self-government if they joined the British in WWI, millions of Indians will become angry when it is never given Protests and riots begin to break out Britain responds with the Rowlatt Acts in 1919 Jail < 2 years without trial

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Amritsar Massacre 10,000 Indians peacefully protest the Rowlatt Acts Believing that they were knowingly violating the law, a British commander orders troops to fire on the trapped protesters 400 dead in 10 minutes Anger erupted in India, changing Indians from loyal subjects to nationalists

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi Leader of the Indian independence movement Based on religion Used civil disobedience (knowingly breaking the law) Non-violent Boycotts on British goods Strikes and protests Salt March – 1930: British tax and limit salt. Gandhi leads a 240 mile march to the sea to make their own salt 60,000 non-violent people beaten and arrested got attention worldwide

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 Gandhi Wins As a result of continuous campaigns of civil disobedience, Britain passed the Government of India Act in 1935 Local self-government and limited elections Fueled growing tension between the Muslim/Hindu population

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30 AND NOW… Study for Vocabulary Quiz Take Vocabulary Quiz Organize Notebook (due tomorrow) Notes Study Guide Vocabulary (29-30) Complete the study guide Answers will be provided to anyone who comes to review sessions with a study guide complete USA TestPrep (Warring World)