Late 19th Century Unions.

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Presentation transcript:

Late 19th Century Unions

Typical Labor Demands 8-Hour Workday Equal pay for women Child labor laws Workers’ Injury insurance Abolish prison labor Children Coal Miners

Knights of Labor Founded 1869 Key: welcomed all wage earners, skilled or unskilled Led by Mother Jones and Terence Powderly Union appeared to attack the capitalist system, not just improve conditions Membership soared, but then fell when its later strikes failed

American Federation of Labor Key: admitted only skilled workers: AFL Led by Samuel Gompers Concept: Force employers to listen, because craft workers could not be replaced easily Demands: 8-hour workday, employers’ liability for workers’ health To gain public favor: resisted appearance of attacking capitalism in general; instead, worked toward attainable goals Exists today as AFL-CIO, one of largest unions in US

1877: Railroad Strike 1881-1905: 37,000 strikes 1877: Railroad strike Wage reduction on B&O railroad led to national railroad strikes 100 people died, 2/3 of railroads stood idle Stunned public: fear and dislike of unions

1886: Haymarket Strike Chicago’s McCormick Harvester plant protest Police killed 4 strikers; ensuing riot killed 7 policemen Middle class lashed out at labor unions, lowering public support of union movement

1892: Homestead Strike Homestead, PA: small town dedicated to steel mill owned by Carnegie Union consistently won rights and concessions 1892: Carnegie, previously a union supporter, decided to break the union because other plants produced more than Homestead 300 Pinkerton’s security personnel tried to land from boats on river; fought by workers; 7 workers died, 3 security workers died National guard called to put down strike Union broke, workers returned to factory

1893: Pullman Strike Pullman: luxury train coaches, made in factory-planned city of Pullman Depression of 1893: Pullman lowered wages, but kept rent costs high for workers Strike, led by Eugene Debs RR owners called on government to intervene: troops attacked workers Workers burned 700 RR cars. Fighting killed 13, wounded wounded Debs jailed; set precedent of using government against unions

Results By early 1930s Reform was slow to take place nationally Child labor finally ended, but not until 1930s 8-hour day became law gradually around country by 1930s Workers insurance became federal law in 1930s Bobbin Girl in 1910