Bird Eyes - Size 2 3 Visual Acuity Eyelids 6 4 Tear Glands.

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Presentation transcript:

Bird Eyes - Size

2 3 Visual Acuity

Eyelids 6

4 Tear Glands

Outer Eye: Ossicles 8 Great Horned Owl

Outer Eye: Sclera and Choroid Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

Inner Eye: Vitrous Chamber Fig. 7-1 in Gill 2007

Pecten

Inner Eye: Pecten Fig. 7-3 in Gill 2007 HYPOTHESIZED.. Eye Temperature Regulation Glare Reduction Sextent Nutrition Oxygen Dark Mirror for Viewing Sun ESTABLISHED.. Vascularized

Lens 10 Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

9 Anterior and Posterior Chambers

Retina Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

Rods and Cones Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

Color Vision (Mammals)Color Vision + Near UV (Birds) Color Perception

Importance of Near UV Radiation Perception

Synapses of Rods, Cones with Sensory Neuron Axons (Blind Spots)

Fovea Figs. 4-38, 4-44 in Podulka et al. 2004

Tapetum Lucidum Poor Will

Accomodation: Lens Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

Fig. 7-1 in Gill 2007 Accomodation: Cornea (Crampton’s Muscle)

20 Rapid Accomodation

Myopia 13

15 Monocular Vision American Woodcock

16 Binocular Vision

Fig in Podulka et al Monocular versus Binocular Vision

Frequent Head Turners and Head Bobbers

25 Great Gray Owl Enhanced Binocular Vision

Immobile Eyes, Flexible Necks

Avian Vision Nictitating Membrane Lacrimal Gland Gland of the Nictitating Membrane Sclera Cornea Choroid Iris Pupil Vitreous Chamber Vitreous Fluid Pecten Lens Collagen Ciliary Body Anterior Chamber Posterior Chamber Aqueous Fluid Retina Blind Spot Optic Nerve Central Fovea Temporal Fovea Rods Cones Tapetum Lucidum Accomodation Crampton’s Muscle Myopia Monocular Vision Binocular Vision

Fig in Podulka et al. 2004

1 jpg/800px-Ostrich_head.jpg 2 red-tailed%20hawk%20hovering.jpg cts_prod_hydro_xan_mol-1.gif

12 %20flight% jpg 13 images/contexts/icy_ecosystems/sci_media/penguin_behaviour/ eng-NZ/penguin_behaviour_full_size_landscape.jpg 14 %20Merganser.jpg Posterior-With-Retina-Detached-2005-Oct-13.jpg/200px-Calf-Eye-Posterior- With-Retina-Detached-2005-Oct-13.jpg 18 fox_eyeshine.jpg 19

Berries.jpg/800px-Viburnum_Berries.jpg

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