Early Latin American Civilizations Maya, Aztec, Inca
The Maya * established between 2000 BC AD, reached height between 250 – 900 AD
Where were the Maya? The Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico and other countries such as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador
What did the Maya do? Among the most advanced peoples in the early Americas Skilled architects and engineers (pyramids) Writing system (hieroglyphs) Astronomy: predicted solar eclipses & used an agricultural calendar (365 days for seasonal planting) Math: accounting system using the number zero. Ballgame
What did the Maya believe? Polytheistic religion closely tied to agriculture Human sacrifices
How did the Maya fall? Disease Drought Over farmed the land Warfare Lost faith in kings Peasant revolt
The Aztecs
Where were the Aztecs? Central Mexico Main city: Tenochtitlan
What did the Aztecs do? Architecture Learned metalworking, weaving, and produced fine art. Used calendars and mathematics Military society where warriors earned prestige and power
What did the Aztecs believe? Worshipped Quetzalcoatl Offered human sacrifices to keep the sun god strong.
How did the Aztecs fall? Hernan Cortes and the Spanish Conquistadors
The Inca
Where were the Incas? Andes Mountains of South America Capital city of Cuzco
What did the Inca do? Ruled vast empire of many peoples Built fortresses, irrigation systems and roads. Set up an education system to teach nobles the official language, Quechua. Did not have a system of writing. Used quipu, a series of knots on strings, to keep records
What did the Inca believe? Inti: Sun god Owned all land It was their duty to conquer and unite all the land for Inti Smaller-scale sacrifice Machu Picchu
How did the Inca fall? Francisco Pizarro