EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 3 Models of the Earth 3.2 Mapping Earth’s Surface.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Earth Science Mr. Bimber
Advertisements

Maps Chapter 6, Section 3.
Why Maps Can you use a square globe?
Mapping Our World Goals: Differentiate between latitude and longitude.
Models of Earth.
Objectives Vocabulary Compare and contrast different map projections.
Map Projections.
Modern technology has changed the way we view and map Earth.
Models of the Earth.
Chapter 2 Mapping our World.
From Globes to Maps.
HOW TO READ A MAP …. LIKE A PRO
A model or representation of the Earth’s surface
Chapter 3: Models of Earth
Section 2: Mapping Earth’s Surface
Chapter 3 p Mapping the Earth. Chapter 3 p Why Study Maps? Why do we need maps? Why do we need maps? What types of maps are there? What.
Map Projections used to transfer the image of the earth’s surface onto a flat surface no projection is an exact representation generally, the larger the.
Chapter 3 Models of Earth.
Finding Locations on Earth Chapter 3. Latitude  Latitude is the angular distance north or south of the equator.  Run parallel to the equator.  Called.
Chapter 3, Section 2 Standards IE 1h. Read and Interpret maps. Objective 1Describe the characteristics and uses of three types of map projections. Objective.
What is Geography?. Geography Geography is the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth Geographers use lots.
Chapter 3 Section 1- Finding Locations on Earth
Maps as Models of the Earth Chapter 2 AC Earth Science 2009.
TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.
CHAPTER 2 MAPPING OUR WORLD.
LECTURE 3B – CHART PROJECTION. Introduction to Chart Projection  Usually we read chart in coordinate system.  A projected coordinate system is defined.
Maps Maps show man made and natural features on the Earth's surface ● cat.
Why Not?????. Section 3.2 Mapping Earth’s Surface Objectives Explain two ways that scientists get data to make maps. Describe the characteristics and.
 Learning intentions: 1. Recognize the changes that have occurred in maps 2. Understand that maps serve different purposes 3. Be able to name some of.
Sci. 1-2 Mapping the Earth’s Surface Pages
Geography Section 2 Chapter 1 Maps and Globes Globes Globes are great, but won’t fit in your pocket. Can’t make it large enough to see your community,
Topics Know how latitude and longitude are set up (If given a point you should be able to find a general location on the earth) Map projections ○ If given.
Mapping Earth Chapter 1 Earth Science. Ch1 L.1 Maps How can a map help determine location? Why are there different map projections for representing Earth’s.
Warm Up Journal 09/05 1. The lines on the map to the right indicate _________________. 2. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution? 3. How.
Mapping the Earth’s Surface
Latitude/ Longitude. What is the latitude/longitude.
Chapter 2, Section 2. If you were standing on Earth…how would you know what shape it was? If you were sailing…how would you figure out the shape of Earth?
Mapping Earth’s Surface. Objective Explain two ways that scientists get data to make maps. Describe the characteristics and uses of three types of map.
Understanding Maps- Cartography. The Olde World Maps vs. Globes 2 dimensional Flat Distorted Shows small details Handy/can fold 3 dimensional Spherical.
Maps as Models of the Earth Table of Contents Section 1 You Are Here Section 2 Mapping the Earth’s Surface Section 3 Topographic Maps Chapter 2.
Chapter 3. Models of the Earth In order to locate points on Earth, we use models. Two general types of models: Maps Globes 2-Dimensional3-Dimensional More.
Map Projections, Cartographic Concepts -Map Projections -Coordinate Systems.
Mapping Our World We will investigate several methods scientists use to map our world. The goal of creating any map is to be able to locate and obtain.
Time Zones and Types of Maps
How maps and globes represent our Earth?
Types of Maps Cartography is the science of mapmaking. For thousands of years, people have used maps to define borders and to find places. What is a.
Maps and Globes are Models of Earth Section 1.2. Maps and Globes A map is a flat model of the surface of the Earth It is the “Bird’s eye view” of an area.
Topic: Map Projections
Maps as Models of the Earth
Chapter 3: Models of the Earth
Latitude and Longitude
Section 2 Mapping Earth’s Surface
1.2 Maps and globes are models of earth
Projection Identification
Map Projections used to transfer the image of the earth’s surface onto a flat surface no projection is an exact representation generally, the larger the.
CHAPTER 1 LESSON 1 UNDERSTANDING MAPS.
Chapter 3 Models of the Earth
Models of the Earth California Standards: IE.1a, 1d, 1g, 1h
Maps and Map Skills Why we use different maps..
Maps Ch. 1 Lesson 1.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Map Projections.
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Finding Locations on Earth
Mapping Our World Cartography What is the equator? Latitude
Chapter 3 Models of the Earth
Maps.
Models of Earth.
Unit 1 Ch. 2 Mapping our World
Section 2: Mapping Earth’s Surface
Modeling the Planet Chapter 3
Presentation transcript:

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 3 Models of the Earth 3.2 Mapping Earth’s Surface

3.2 Mapping Earth’s Surface Objectives Explain two ways that scientists get data to make maps. Describe the characteristics and uses of three types of map projections. Summarize how to use keys, legends, and scales to read maps.

Introduction A globe can accurately represent locations, relative areas, and relative shapes of Earth’s surface features since the globe is spherical – like the Earth! The finer details of Earth’s surface cannot be accessed using a globe.

How Scientists Make Maps Cartography is the science of making maps. Cartographers are scientists who make maps. Cartographers use data from a variety of sources in order to make maps. –Field Survey – cartographer walks or drives through an area and takes measurements to be plotted on a map –Remote Sensing – images of the Earth taken from a plane or satellite are used to make maps –Combination of field surveys and remote sensing are often used to map an area

Map Projections A map is a flat representation of Earth’s curved surface. Distortion in size, shape, distance, or direction may occur when transferring a curved surface area to a two dimensional map. The larger the area represented on the map, the greater the distortion tends to be.

Map Projections A map projection is a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of Earth. Though no projection is entirely accurate, some types of projection maps are more useful to us than others.

Map Projections Cylindrical (Mercator) projections are constructed with straight meridians and appear as if someone put a lighted globe in the middle of a paper cylinder with the paper only touching at the equator. This map is accurate at the equator, but distorts size and distances near the poles. Locating positions is easier on this type of map because of the grid created by making the meridians parallel. The mapping of small areas is done this way because distortion of those areas is minimal.

Map Projections Azimuthal (Gnomonic) projections are made by putting a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the globe at only one point. Very little distortion occurs at the point of contact on this type of map, yet the distortion increases as you move away from the point of contact. Azimuthal projections show unequal spacing between parallels which results in distortion of distances and directions. Azimuthal projections are useful for navigators to plot routes for air travel because drawing a straight line on an azimuthal projection is the shortest distance between two points on a globe.

Map Projections A conic projection is made by placing a paper cone over a lighted globe so that the axis of the cone aligns with the axis of the globe. The cone touches the globe at one parallel of latitude. Distortion is minimal at the point where the cone touches the latitude of the globe. Polyconic projections, a series of conic projections used to make a map, are used to minimize distortion.

Reading a Map In order to read a map, one must be able to understand symbols and figure direction and distance. Most maps are made so that north is at the top, east to the right, west to the left, and south to the bottom. Lines of longitude are often parallel as well as lines of latitude being parallel. A compass rose often is used to determine direction on the map.

Reading a Map Maps with multiple symbols will often have a legend – an explanation for what the symbols mean. The scale of a map shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance. –Graphical scale – marked line similar to a ruler that will be of a specified distance –Fractional (ratio) scale – mathematic representation of the relationship, often a ratio of map distance to actual distance –Verbal scale – verbal expression of the distance relationship between the map and actual area

References Globe - ml ml Topographic Map - /mount_marcytopo.php /mount_marcytopo.php Cylindrical Projection Map - S/MapProjections/Cylindrical/MillerCylindrical S/MapProjections/Cylindrical/MillerCylindrical Cylindrical Projection - g1/map_projections/form_case_aspect.html g1/map_projections/form_case_aspect.html

References Azimuthal Projection - g1/map_projections/form_case_aspect.html g1/map_projections/form_case_aspect.html Azimuthal Projection Polar Map - S/MapProjections/Azimuthal/Gnomonic S/MapProjections/Azimuthal/Gnomonic Polyconic Projections - a_projections.html a_projections.html Conic Projection -

References Compass Rose - ience/eq/page8.html ience/eq/page8.html Map Scale - lectures/MapScale/MapScale05.html lectures/MapScale/MapScale05.html Map Legend - p p