I. Continued C. between 900 and 800 B.C. People with iron weapons invade lands around the Mediterranean one group may have been ancestors of Etruscans who est. fortified walled city-states. Places to Locate: Etruria Places to Locate: Rome Places to Locate: Palatine D. Other invaders from the Mediterranean brought down New Kingdom in Egypt. 1. A group of people known as Latins settled on the Palatine– Romans belong to this group. One of the groups the Etruscans dominated. 2.. By 776 B.C. the first settlement on the Palatine had around 1000 people Etruscan walled town, Civita di Bagnoregio. Central ItalyBagnoregio.

Section Two: discusses the rise of the Etruscans, their daily life, and their religious beliefs II. The Etruscans A. Settle in Eturia map north of the Latin village on the Palatine. Many historians believe they originally came from the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor HerodotusEturiaHerodotus B. Built dams to drain marshy fields, built cities on high hills surrounded by high wallsbuilt cities C. Italy’s first civilized people–known as the “People of the sea” The enigma of Italy's ancient Etruscans is finally unravelledPeople of the sea DNA Boosts Herodotus’ Account of Etruscans as Migrants to ItalyHerodotus’ D. Used iron tools to grow wheat, grapes and other fruits E. Strong army—learned from the Greeks the phalanx 1. Wore heavy leather shoes that laced firmly around the ankleheavy leather shoes Gave them good footing on hilly ground F. By 600 B.C. they dominated all northern Italy The Lydians have very nearly the same customs as the Hellenes, with the exception that these last do not bring up their girls the same way. So far as we have any knowledge, the Lydians were the first to introduce the use of gold and silver coin, and the first who sold good retail. They claim also the invention of all the games which are common to them with the Hellenes. These they declare that they invented about the time when they colonized Tyrrhenia [i.e., Etruria], an event of which they give the following account.[i.e., Etruria], Herodotus: The Histories, c. 430 BCE, I.94 This athletic lass, with the long skirt and the wild shoes, was made in 500 B.C.E.,,,over 2500 years ago. She's a metal sculpture made during the Etruscan civilization and perhaps depicting Etruscan shoes. Mario Lopes Pegna, the Italian Etruscologist says: "The Etruscans were the first to tackle and solve the problem of land improvement, and did so by a series of technical operations so ingenious as to arouse admiration even in our days. A complicated skillfully constructed network of canals collected surplus and stagnant water throughout Etruria and Latium. These waters were then channeled to wherever they were needed for farming purposes, and any excess still remaining was carried in big drains down to the sea The Etruscans first developed the technique of dry farming and applied it to the arid soils of the Maremma hills"