I. I.Scientific Method A. A.Terminology & Concepts 1. 1.Proof/Prove 2. 2.Hypothesis 3. 3.Bias 4. 4.Uncertainty.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Intro to Course and What is Learning?. What is learning? Definition of learning: Dictionary definition: To gain knowledge, comprehension, or mastery through.

Advertisements

Principles of Adult Learning. Overview Introduction Assumptions Context Content Process Learning Styles Double Loop Learning Summary.

We Sioux spend a lot of time thinking about everyday things which in our minds are mixed up with the spiritual. We see in the world around us many symbols.

CRIM 430: CJ Research Lecture 1. Ways of Knowing Tradition—information conveyed through culture, history…cumulative Authority—information conveyed by.

WP 4 For scientists - Examples of inquiry-based activities inquiry-based activities activities focuses on a real problem examples  A diagnosis  A GMO.

11 Steps Leading to Amsterdam and Beyond A much greater emphasis on frameworks for planned adaptation, and also to robust approaches to decision-making.

Research Philosophy Lecture 11th.

Philosophy of science: the scientific method

Introduction to Research

Chapter 1 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 1 Nature and Purpose of Research.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observe some aspect of the universe. Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed.

RESEARCH METHODS Lecture 41. HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH (Cont.)

The role of theory in research

Science Everything we know went through a testing process

Protecting our Health from Climate Change: a Training Course for Public Health Professionals Chapter 2: Weather, Climate, Climate Variability, and Climate.

Critical Thinking Skills and Doing Science Elements of the scientific method: 1.Observe patterns 2. Ask questions 3. Formulate hypotheses that make specific.

Nature of Science Science Nature of Science Environmental Science Outline: Outline: Science As a Way of Knowing Science As a Way of Knowing  Scientific.

Chapter 2: Science as a Way of Knowing: Critical Thinking About the Environment.

N What do you expect from Science? n Science is a process, not a thing. n Science is a paradigm based on understanding nature (rather than passively observing.

Research Methods Key Points What is empirical research? What is the scientific method? How do psychologists conduct research? What are some important.

I. I.Scientific Method A. A.Process 1. 1.Observation Careful; Include as many parameters as possible Observations  Induction  Question  Hypothesis 2.

Nursing Research Prof. Nawal A. Fouad (5) March 2007.

Science. Science Is a Way of Knowing Science means “to know” Science seeks to answer questions about nature and natural phenomena in order to know how.

The Science of PHYSICAL GEOLOGY “If your mind is empty, it is always ready for anything; it is open to everything.” Zen Proverb.

Chapter 2: The Scientific Method and Environmental Sciences.

PARADIGMS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH © LOUIS COHEN, LAWRENCE MANION & KEITH MORRISON.

President Gordon B. Hinckley Let thy Holy Spirit abide constantly within these walls and be felt by all who teach and learn. May there be an absence of.

Environmental Science

What is Science ? Science has become synonymous with reliability, validity and certainty It is an activity characterized by three features : It is a search.

1 William P. Cunningham University of Minnesota Mary Ann Cunningham Vassar College Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for.

Biological Science.

MARS 120: Introduction to Physical Oceanography Dr. Joe Gorga Office: ST 269 (x6817) MW T 9:30 – 10:30,

Chapter 1 Psychological Science The Need for Psychological Science.

1 William P. Cunningham University of Minnesota Mary Ann Cunningham Vassar College Chapter 02 Lecture Outline Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights.

Grade 12 Environmental Science Assignment 3 Understanding Science, Systems, and Ethics You have been taking different sciences throughout your school career.

New Core Curriculum Foundations of Scientific Process What is Science ? Week 1, class-2.

Sociological Research Methods. The Research Process Sociologists answer questions about society through empirical research (observation and experiments)

Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7 th Ed. Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Chapter 2.

G544:DEBATES IS PSYCHOLOGY A SCIENCE?. Is Psychology a Science? Where do you stand and why? Yes No Justify!!!

Section 4.4; Issues & debates Psychology as a science.

Scientific Method. Scientific Method continued Scientific Method= allows scientists to draw logical and reliable conclusions about phenomena. Observations=

G544:DEBATES IS PSYCHOLOGY A SCIENCE?. Is Psychology a Science? Where do you stand and why? Yes No Justify!!!

Methods of Scientific Inquiry Ch 1.3 Course Overview.

ENVI 121: Life in the Oceans Dr. Joe Gorga Office: ST 269 (x6817) MW T 9:30 – 10:30, or By Appointment.

False Assumptions 2012/03/25/false-assumptions-lesson/

What Is Science?. 1. Science is limited to studying only the natural world. 2. The natural world are those phenomena that can be investigated, discovered,

1 Guess the Covered Word Goal 1 EOC Review 2 Scientific Method A process that guides the search for answers to a question.

Is Seeing Believing?. THE NATURE OF SCIENCE MAIN IDEAS SUPPORTING DETAILS.

Biology The Science of Biology Biology means the study of life.

The Scientific Method. How can we ask questions about functions, interaction, etc.? The Scientific Method – Process of inquiry Discovery Science – Descriptive.

I. I.Evolution A. A.Descent with Modification B. B.Natural Selection Provides mechanism for better-adapted organisms to pass traits to next generation.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Murtaugh 1A Living Environment.

Words to Know Hypothesis (prediction)- Testable prediction based on observations. Usually an if/then/because statement. Inference- a conclusion reached.

PARADIGMS OF RESEARCH Dr Ayaz Afsar.

Overview Understanding What Science is, and What it isn’t

MANCOSA Honours Research Methodology.

Intro. To Science.

IMPORTANT: 20 minute assemblies

7. Scientific Method- = The systematic approach to problem solving that involves observation and experimentation.

Make as many observations as you can.

Scientific Models Section 3.

The Science of Psychology

The Method of Science.

The Nature of science How do we “know”.

How do we start research?

Inquiry Dr. Charles Ophardt EDU 370.

Principles of Science and Systems

Science Review Game.

Important Concepts Above and Beyond Biology I

Observations information gathered by our senses.

Presentation transcript:

I. I.Scientific Method A. A.Terminology & Concepts 1. 1.Proof/Prove 2. 2.Hypothesis 3. 3.Bias 4. 4.Uncertainty

I. I.Scientific Method B. B.Process 1. 1.Observation Careful; Include as many parameters as possible Observations  Induction  Question  Hypothesis 2. 2.Question 3. 3.Hypothesis Possible cause Reflect past experience (educated guess) Multiple (consider alternative explanations) Testable Falsifiable 4. 4.Prediction Hypothesis/Principle  Deduction  Prediction 5. 5.Experiment Experimental group, Control group, Replication 6. 6.Results/Interpretation 7. 7.Scientific Theory

I. I.Scientific Method C. C.Bias 1. 1.Sampling Bias Our view of the world is conditioned very strongly by the observational methods we use Ex: Counting whales vs. bacteria vs. viruses Methods vary considerably, depending on the temporal and spatial scales of interest Ex: How is global temperature measured? Sea level? 2. 2.Assumptions Important to recognize inherent assumptions Ex: 14 C dating of wooden artifacts Ex: Measurement of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations 3. 3.Paradigms Generally accepted model, conceptual framework or set of belief(s) about a particular topic Ex: Dinosaurs went extinct because of global climate change precipitated by an asteroid Paradigms may not be permanent Can be discarded/replaced by better explanation (paradigm shift) Ex: Heliocentric solar system, continental drift Paradigms may become so entrenched that people ignore contradictory evidence or modify evidence to match paradigm

Hansen et al. 2010

IPCC 2007

We Sioux spend a lot of time thinking about everyday things which in our minds are mixed up with the spiritual. We see in the world around us many symbols that teach us the meaning of life. We Indians live in a world of symbols and images where the spiritual and commonplace are one. We try to understand them not with the head but with the heart. --John Fire Lame Deer

Local, Land-Centered Outlook / Center of World Local, Land-Centered Outlook / Center of World Lack of Historical Perspective / Cyclic Time Lack of Historical Perspective / Cyclic Time Immersion in Nature Immersion in Nature Reciprocal Interrelationships Reciprocal Interrelationships Animism (anima = “soul”) / Spiritism Animism (anima = “soul”) / Spiritism High God High God Dreamtime Dreamtime Altered States of Consciousness Altered States of Consciousness Harmony Harmony

Shaman Shaman Totem Totem Taboo Taboo Fetish Fetish Omen Omen Divination Divination Rites of Passage and Cosmic Renewal Rites of Passage and Cosmic Renewal Hunting Rituals Hunting Rituals

It is critical to understand how notions of conservation and environmental protection are conceptualized and formulated by local communities for successful conservation to occur (26)

Berkes urges us to move beyond reductionist visions of ecology by embracing moral perspectives and spiritual aspects often embedded in traditional knowledge systems and local resource management practices (27)