Congress of Vienna

Peace Settlement The Napoleonic Wars end All those revolutionary ideals spread throughout Europe? There where no guarantees. Quite the contrary occurred!! This is the story of what happened to Europe after the French Revolution and after Napoleon What happened after Napoleon?

Peace Settlement The result of Napoleon? A Conservative Backlash Conservative monarchies Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain - the Quadruple Alliance - had FINALLY defeated France and they were not going to allow those radical, revolutionary ideas to spread Result of French Revolution and Napoleon?

Peace Settlement The Congress of Vienna was a series of meetings involving most of the European heads of state held in Vienna, the capital of the Austrian empire, between September 1814 and 9 June The purpose of the Congress was to redraw the map of Europe after years of chaos resulting from the Napoleonic and French revolutionary wars (1792– 1814).

Peace Settlement Its proceedings were initially dominated by the four powers of the victorious allied coalition that had defeated Napoleon. Britain was represented by foreign secretary Viscount Castlereagh (Robert Stewart). Prussia was represented by foreign secretary and chancellor Prince Carl von Hardenberg Russia by Czar Alexander I Austria by Prince Klemens von Metternich, who emerged as the architect of the Congress. The defeated French were represented by Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand Which person or people where in power?

Peace Settlement Goal - Balance of Power - keep peace and make sure issues don’t flare up to cause more war. Balance of political and military forces that would discourage future aggression They were largely successful and for about 100 years the land and people will be at peace 1914 or WWI) What happened at the Peace Settlement?

European Balance of Power First concern - France Restore Bourbon dynasty to France Lenient to France Restore 1792 boundaries (larger than it was in 1789) Fr doesn’t have to pay war reparations No sense of injustice here What were the actions taken?

European Balance of Power Every country felt they deserved land payments for cost of fighting Napoleon Britain got Fr colonies Austria gave up some of Germany but got rich lands in northern Italy and Polish possession on coast of Adriatic Russia - had problem but got small parts of Poland Belgium and Holland larger Prussia got large piece of Fr eastern border so it could stand as the, “sentinental on the Rhine.” What were the actions taken?

Liberals and Conservatives Convervatives under Austrian Prince Klemens Von Metternich wanted to keep liberals and nationalists from gaining power Liberals want to protect people’s civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press, and assembly. They believe gov’t elected by the people are best able to accomplish this. Nationalists insist people owe loyalty to the nation not the king or royal family. They thought that each ethnic group or nationality should have it’s own gov’t.

The Failed Uprisings Liberals and Nationalists were a threat to the existing order. Metternich and other leaders in Europe prevented change. ex: 1823 liberals in Spain tried to overthrow monarchy. A French army crushed the uprising. many revolts - all put down by military force

The Failed Uprisings 1848 lots of liberal and nationalists uprisings. In France, liberals overthrew monarchy and set up Second Republic. French soon replaced it with Second Empire under Emperor Napoleon III - sometimes referred to as Louis- Napoleon. (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte)

The Failed Revolutions In Austria, Hungarian and Italian nationalists tried to set up new nations of their own. Austrian gov’t tried to appease the rebels by having Metternich removed from his position. That didn’t work so Austrian military finally put down revolt.

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