Saturday, June 04, Hierarchy of Biological Order Packet #2

Saturday, June 04, Objectives

3 Hierarchy The living world is a hierarchy with each level of biological structure building on the level below it The living world is a hierarchy with each level of biological structure building on the level below it

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5 Hierarchy Vocabulary Atom Atom Unit of matter Unit of matter Smallest unit of an element Smallest unit of an element Having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central positively charged nucleus Having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central positively charged nucleus Molecule Molecule Particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds Particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Vocabulary II Organelle Organelle Differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function Differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function Tissue Tissue Group of usually similar cells that together carry out a specific function Group of usually similar cells that together carry out a specific function Organ Organ Structure of an organism usually composed of several tissue types--organized into a functional unit Structure of an organism usually composed of several tissue types--organized into a functional unit Saturday, June 04,

7 Vocabulary III Organ System Organ System Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function Population Population A group of individuals of the same species, found in the same time and place, and potentially interbreeding A group of individuals of the same species, found in the same time and place, and potentially interbreeding Community Community Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

Saturday, June 04, Vocabulary IV Ecosystem Ecosystem All organisms and their non-living environment within a defined area All organisms and their non-living environment within a defined area One or more communities together with their non-living surroundings One or more communities together with their non-living surroundings Undergoes dynamic changes Undergoes dynamic changes Succession Succession Ecological community is gradually replaced by another Ecological community is gradually replaced by another Competition Competition Occurs when different species living in the same environment (habitat) utilize the same limited resources Occurs when different species living in the same environment (habitat) utilize the same limited resources

Saturday, June 04, Vocabulary V Biosphere Biosphere The part of the earth inhabited by living organisms The part of the earth inhabited by living organisms Includes both living and non-living components Includes both living and non-living components

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Saturday, June 04,

Saturday, June 04, Recycling of Atoms & Molecules

Saturday, June 04, Water Cycle The cycle of evaporation and condensation that control’s the distribution of earth's water The cycle of evaporation and condensation that control’s the distribution of earth's water Water is vital and must be available to all living things Water is vital and must be available to all living things Abiotic and biotic processes are involved in the cycling of water in the environment Abiotic and biotic processes are involved in the cycling of water in the environment Abiotic Abiotic All physical and non-living chemical processes or factors All physical and non-living chemical processes or factors Precipitation Precipitation Evaporation Evaporation Condensation Condensation Runoff Runoff Percolation Percolation

Saturday, June 04, Water Cycle II Biotic Biotic Chemical processes produced or caused by living organisms Chemical processes produced or caused by living organisms Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Transpiration Transpiration Respiration Respiration Excretion Excretion Each process involves water as a reactant, product or solvent and helps to cycle it through the environment to make it readily available to living organisms Each process involves water as a reactant, product or solvent and helps to cycle it through the environment to make it readily available to living organisms

Saturday, June 04,

Saturday, June 04, Carbon Cycle Five Steps Carbon dioxide are taken in by plants Carbon dioxide are taken in by plants Carbon incorporated into plant tissue Carbon incorporated into plant tissue Plants consumed by animals Plants consumed by animals Carbon incorporated into animal tissue Carbon incorporated into animal tissue Animal breathes out carbon dioxide Animal breathes out carbon dioxide Teacher Notes/Extra Credit Teacher Notes/Extra Credit Keep in mind, when plants and animals die, they decay resulting in the production of CO 2 by the microorganisms Keep in mind, when plants and animals die, they decay resulting in the production of CO 2 by the microorganisms The decayed bodies are transformed into fossil fuels; burned by humans producing carbon dioxide The decayed bodies are transformed into fossil fuels; burned by humans producing carbon dioxide

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Saturday, June 04, Nitrogen Cycle The process whereby nitrogen passes from the atmosphere into living things and ultimately back into the atmosphere. The process whereby nitrogen passes from the atmosphere into living things and ultimately back into the atmosphere. Nitrogen Cycle makes nitrogen available for protein synthesis Nitrogen Cycle makes nitrogen available for protein synthesis Nitrogen is an elemental component of the class of compounds known as proteins Nitrogen is an elemental component of the class of compounds known as proteins

Saturday, June 04, Nitrogen Cycle II Ten Steps Nitrogen gas converted to nitrate salts Nitrogen gas converted to nitrate salts Plants absorb nitrate salts Plants absorb nitrate salts Nitrate salts used in formation of plant proteins Nitrate salts used in formation of plant proteins Plants consumed by animals Plants consumed by animals Plant proteins converted to animal proteins Plant proteins converted to animal proteins Animal dies Animal dies Proteins returned to soil Proteins returned to soil Proteins, in soil, broken down to ammonia Proteins, in soil, broken down to ammonia Ammonia converted to nitrate salts Ammonia converted to nitrate salts Nitrate salts converted into nitrogen gas Nitrate salts converted into nitrogen gas

Saturday, June 04, Nitrogen Cycle III Bacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria Converts nitrogen gas to nitrate salts Converts nitrogen gas to nitrate salts Lives on the roots of legumes Lives on the roots of legumes Decomposing bacteria (decomposer) Decomposing bacteria (decomposer) Feeds on and breaks down decaying plant or animal matter Feeds on and breaks down decaying plant or animal matter Produces ammonia Produces ammonia Nitrifying bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Absorbs ammonia and coverts it into nitrate salts Absorbs ammonia and coverts it into nitrate salts Denitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria Reduce** nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas Reduce** nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas