1 Macromolecules copyright cmassengale

2 Organic Compounds CompoundsCARBON organicCompounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromoleculesorganic moleculesMacromolecules are large organic molecules. copyright cmassengale

The compounds created by living organisms are called organic compounds In order for a compound to be considered organic it must have a Carbon Atom (C) ‏ and a Hydrogen Atom (H) ‏ copyright cmassengale3

Which Compound is Organic? CO 2 H 2 O CH 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 NH 3 copyright cmassengale4

The most common organic compounds in living things are: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale5

6 Carbon (C) ‏ Carbon4 electronsCarbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carboncovalent bonds 4Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). C, H, O or NUsually with C, H, O or N. Example:CH 4 (methane) ‏Example:CH 4 (methane) ‏ copyright cmassengale

7 Macromolecules Large organic molecules.Large organic molecules. POLYMERSAlso called POLYMERS. MONOMERSMade up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. Examples:Examples: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) ‏ copyright cmassengale

8 Carbohydrates

Carb - o – hy (drates) Carbon – oxygen – hydrogen. Function of Carbohydrates They are used by living organisms as the primary source of energy They provide support in plants copyright cmassengale11

Carbohydrate’s Building Blocks: Simple Sugars (Glucose)

Carbohydrates are found in Glucose In Humans it is Stored in the liver as glycogen Cereal Potatoes Pasta Corn Starch Also most foods that are white are full of carbs. copyright cmassengale13

–Think Gross!! – Anything that ends in ose is a carb. (sugar) ‏

–Cellulose –Gives support to plants (walls) ‏

16 Carbohydrates Small sugar moleculeslarge sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules to large sugar molecules. Examples:Examples: A.monosaccharide B.disaccharide C.polysaccharide copyright cmassengale

Examples: Monosaccharides – glucose Disaccharides – table sugar Polysaccharides – glycogen Cellulose – provides structure for plants Chitin – is a form of glucose used on the outside of animals like lobsters and insects. copyright cmassengale17

18 Lipids copyright cmassengale

AKA - Fats

20Lipids not soluble in waterDescription: Lipid is a general term for compounds which are not soluble in water. Lipids do not respond to water because they have no charge. (Remember water is a polar molecule.)

21Lipids Function:“stores the most energy”Function: “stores the most energy” Found in :1. FatsFound in :1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Oils 4. Waxes

Appearance: A glycerol hook to 3 chains (Looks like an “E”)

23 Lipids Six functions of lipids: 1.Long term energy storage 2.Protection against heat loss (insulation) ‏ 3.Protection against physical shock 4.Protection against water loss 5.Chemical messengers (hormones) ‏ 6.Major component of membranes (phospholipids) ‏ copyright cmassengale

25 Proteins copyright cmassengale

Found in:

Appearance: the Presence of Nitrogen.

28 Information about Proteins Proteins are made of amino acids (20) peptide bonds polypeptidesThere are 20 Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides). copyright cmassengale

29 Proteins (Polypeptides) ‏ Six functions of proteins:Six functions of proteins: 1.Storage:albumin (egg white) ‏ 2.Transport: hemoglobin 3.Regulatory:hormones 4.Movement:muscles 5.Structural:membranes, hair, nails 6.Enzymes:cellular reactions copyright cmassengale

30 Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale

Nucleic Acid Structure: Double Helix

32 Nucleic acids Found in every living thing! Plants, Bacteria, You, Fish, every living thing. No exceptions! copyright cmassengale

33 Nucleic acids Two types:Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA-double helix) ‏ (DNA-double helix) ‏ b. Ribonucleic acid b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) ‏ (RNA-single strand) ‏ copyright cmassengale

34 Nucleic acids Function: Nucleic Acids build the DNA which carries the instructions to build and repair the organism. ‏ copyright cmassengale

Building Blocks: Nucleotides 1.Phosphate Group 2.Sugar 3.Nitrogen Base