Japanese City’s Construction and Development Unit 6

Map of Japan & the Main Cities 6,852 Islands 378,000 Square Km 127 million Population

Early Japanese civilization  Birth place of the early Japanese civilization Yamadai Sate recorded in Chinese documents (“Records of Three Kingdoms”; “Records of Wei”…… ); Palace sites and ancient tombs (Nara Basin)  Daika Reform: starting of civilization( 645 A.D ) Diplomatic envoy to China (8 times); The early oversea students (Kukai, Abeno Takamaro ） and their contribution---- establishment of Japanese writing system and written history  Early state of law and decrees Compilation of historic documents (following Han) ； Formulation of laws and regulations (following Tang); Prosperity of Japanese cultures (Buddhism and temples)

Cradle of Japanese Urban Civilization 平安京 长岗京 国京 平城京 藤原京 难波京 Shimitsu Temple

Daika Reform and Japanese Culture 2010 World Expo

Features of Japanese Capitals  Centralization and capital construction Emperor’s authority and the 12 official ranks; Heijo and Hei’an Kyo: the first capitals of Japan in history  Characters of the early capitals Copy of Tang capital: urban pattern, auspicious name & number; Unsuccessful city construction and the symbolic position  Architectures and the nurture of J. culture Palace and temples; road system and royal garden; Growth of native cultures: music, calligraphy, costume, fine arts

Old Capita of Nara City

Beautiful Landscape & Streets in Nara

Kyoto: A 1000-Year Capital

The Memory of Chang’an

The Shogunate Period & Urban Development  Establishment of Bakufu Powers Warrior groups and the Shogunate government ； New city construction & the double-core power structure ；  Urban system under Bakufu Periods One-city-for-one-state policy; respect payment system ； Mushroom of trading towns and harbors  Economic development of cities Sino-Japan trade (in Song D. and Yuan D.); Rise of merchant groups---strengthened urban power; Commercial cities: Osaka, Nagasaki, Hakodate

Typical Japanese Castle Town

Traditional Japanese Urban Culture  Japan-style buildings Wooden structure; elevated slightly off the ground; tiled or thatched roofs; influenced by Chinese culture and Buddhism  Japanese art Tea ceremony; Flower arrangement; Japanese calligraphy; Japanese opera: Noh and traditional music: Kabuki  Japanese garden Attempting to create miniature idealized landscapes: Japanese rock garden and Zen garden; elements of Japanese garden: water, rock and sand; stone lanterns and bamboo fences; bridges and stepping stones…….

Japanese Architectural Culture Traditional Shrine: Meiji Jingu Buddhist Temple UNESCO World Heritage

Traditional Urban Cultures: Buildings

Traditional Urban Cultures: Art

Japanese Traditional Gardens

Modern Japan & Cities