“Intro to Science” A. What is science? 1. Science is the process of observing and studying everything in the natural world. B. Why do we study science? 1. To solve Earth’s mysteries and problems. C. How do we use science? 1. Scientific Method Steps: 1.) Identify the Problem4.) Test 2.) Gather Information5.) Analyze Results 3.) Hypothesis 6.) Conclude 7.) Repeat

D. Scientific Method Vocabulary: 1.) Hypothesis- is a proposed solution to a problem 2.) Dependent Variable- The variable that is being tested for change (due to the change in the independent variable). Ex- Life Span 3.) Independent Variable- The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher. Ex- Amount of vitamins 4.) Control- is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable. 5.) Theory- a well-confirmed type of explanation of nature.

D. There are three major branches of science: 1. Life Science a.) Plants, animals, and all living things. “Science is built up with facts as a house is with stones. But a collection of facts is no more science than a heap of stones is a house”. Jules Henri Poincare

2. Physical Science a). Chemistry & Physics 3. Earth & Space Science a.) Earth’s surface, weather, ocean, and space.

E. The four major branches of Earth & Space Science: 1. Geology - The study of Earth’s origin, history & structure. 2. Meteorology - The study of Earth’s atmosphere, weather, & climate. 3. Oceanography - The study of Earth’s oceans. 4. Astronomy - The study of the position, composition, size and other characteristics of everything outside of Earth’s atmosphere.

“Types of Metric Measurements” A. Length- How long or wide something is. 1. The meter (m) is used to measure length when using the metric system. 2. Possible length measurements: a.) kmb.) hmc.) dam d.) me.) dmf.) cm g.) mm

B. Mass-The measure of the amount of matter in an object. 1. The gram (g) is used to measure mass when using the metric system. 2. Possible mass measurements: a.) kgb.) hgc.) dag d.) ge.) dgf.) cg g.) mg

C. Volume- is the amount of space an object takes up. 1. The liter, or cubic centimeter, (l or cm3) is used to measure volume when using the metric system. 2. Volume can be found three different ways, depending on what type of substance you are measuring. a.) For solid square objects you multiply the length x the width x the height of the object. b.) For liquids use a graduated cylinder. c.) For solid non-square objects use water displacement. 3. Possible volume measurements? a.) The same as the other measurements just add the volume standard unit!

D. Density- is the amount of mass in the space a specific object takes up. 1. Grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or grams per milliliter (g/ml) is used when measuring density in the metric system. 2. Density is measured by using the following formula: Density =_______________ mass volume OR D = _______________ g cm3 or ml

E. Temperature- how hot or cold a substance is. 1. Temperature can be measured three different ways. 2. When using the metric system temperature is measured in degrees Celsius. a.) The boiling point =100 degrees C b.) The freezing point =0 degrees C 3. When using the standard system temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit. a.) The boiling point =212 degrees F b.) The freezing point =32 degrees F 4. When using the Kelvin system temperature is measured in Kelvin’s a.) The boiling point =373 K b.) The freezing point =273 K

Metric SI Kelvin