World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO Jérôme Lafeuille WMO Space Programme Geneva Use of L-Band frequencies for Direct Readout services

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference2 International Telecommunications Union (ITU) allocated L-band to METAIDS and METSAT (Space to Earth) on a co-primary basis WMO : UN authoritative voice on atmosphere, climate and related environmental issues WMO has mission to lead cooperation on weather & climate observation networks, standardization, data exchange …

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference3 First APT reception from Tiros-8 in Lannion, France, 24 Dec 1963

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference4 Direct Readout: a success story Since 47 years, Direct Readout services have been the foundation of global cooperation in satellite meteorology There is no affordable substitute to Direct Readout to access data from polar-orbiting satellites in real time Real time access is essential for weather applications and other emergency support missions

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference5 Use of MHz MHz MHz Meteosat-7 HRI Meteosat-8,9,10,11 LRIT1691 GOES-11,12,13,14,15 WEFAX1691 GVAR EMWIN /1692 GOES-R,S GRB EGVAR1685 MTSAT-1R, 2 LRIT1691 HRIT GOMS-Elektro-L LRIT1691 FY-2C,2D,2E,2F,2G,2H LRIT 1691 FY-2C,2D,2E,2F,2G,2H SVISSR COMS-1 LRIT COMS-1 HRIT INSAT-3DLRIT/HRIT DCP Downlink 1676, 1677, 1681, 1686 NOAA-16,17, 18, Metop-A, B, C Meteor-M1, M21700 FY-1D FY-3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F JPSS-1, DWSS LRD (TBC) GOES-R, S EMWIN/HRIT1697 DCP1709.1/1709.9

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference6 00 H 06 H 12 H 18 H N

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference7 CGMS baseline configuration 00 H 06 H 12 H 18 H FY-3B, 3D, 3F NOAA-18, 19, NPP, JPSS-1, -2 FY-3A, 3C, 3E, 3G Metop-A, B, C DWSS

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference8 Potential reallocation of MHz Impact on polar-orbiting Direct Readout services All operational LEO systems (except NPP) use L-band and plan to use it throughout the decade In addition to « NOAA administered » satellite series the CGMS baseline includes: –Metop series –FY-3 am series –FY-3 pm series oDWSS (TBC, proposed for inclusion) All are important to provide the required measurements with the necessary robustness

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference9 Exclusion zones around 18 user sites What about the other 150+ users ?

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference10 Potential reallocation of MHz Discussion of mitigation measures Assuming that the exclusion zones can guarantee reception at federal sites … … users, outside of exclusion zones, would be exposed to severe interference preventing operational use Assuming retransmission of « NOAA administered» satellite data, would Metop, FY3 AM and PM data be included ? Assuming that they are, such retransmission would anyway not provide real-time Rebroadcast would entail the use of other part of the spectrum –Not subject to weather conditions, or to interference

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference11 Potential reallocation of MHz Conclusions (1) at the national level Threat for users of polar-orbit Direct Readout services over the USA Proposed mitigation measures unlikely to solve the issue Benefit to society ?

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference12 Potential reallocation of MHz Conclusions (2) International perspective Detrimental to global standardization effort Risk of propagation to other countries  Would affect the usability of LEO satellite systems worldwide, and the ability of the global meteorological community to serve the society – Impact on radiosondes to be considered as well

WMO OMM NOAA 2011 Satellite Direct Readout Conference13 Potential reallocation of MHz Conclusions (3) International perspective GEO Task: AR-06-11: Radio Frequency Protection –“Recognizing the fundamental importance of radio- frequencies necessary for all GEOSS components, in particular in-situ, ground- and space-based observations, as well as the increasing economical and political pressure on corresponding parts of the spectrum, undertake appropriate coordinated advocacy activities in association with Member countries, including representations to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other bodies in charge of frequency management…”