Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Spinal Cord Compression

Spinal Cord Compression: Definition Pressure on the spinal cord which may lead to permanent neurological impairment

Spinal Cord Compression: Description Spinal cord compression is related to: Lymphoma Intervertebral collapse *A tumour (most often a metastatic tumour from a primary breast, lung, kidney or prostate cancer, lymphoma or myeloma) Metastatic tumours cause bone erosion and spinal cord compression

Spinal Cord Compression: Sites of Occurrence Spinal cord compression occurs: 70% in the thoracic region 20% lumbar-sacral 10% cervical

Spinal Cord Compression: Clinical Manifestations Pain in the affected area or tracking down the spinal canal Numbness in extremities (↓ sensation) Impaired motor function → flaccid paralysis Bladder and bowel dysfunction (incontinence)

Spinal Cord Compression: Diagnosis Patient history and clinical picture MRI CT scan Myelogram Bone scan Xrays spinal cord Investigations for primary tumour if suspected

Spinal Cord Compression: Medical Management Radiation reduces the tumour size Steroid therapy reduces inflammation ChemotherapySurgery The patient may have residual neurological impairment following treatment

Spinal Cord Compression: Nursing Considerations Pain relief and close support Prevention of complications of immobility: Deep venous thrombosis Pressure ulcers Chest infection Urinary stasis/ infection Maintain muscle tone and joint mobility Bladder/ bowel training

Spinal Cord Compression: Family Support Emotional support to patient and family to assist coping with all aspects of what may be a progressive condition with a poor prognosis