Warm-Up- What is the order of the Chinese dynasties? Turn in Summaries if you did not finish yesterday

Shang, Joe, Chin, Han Shang, Joe, Chin, Han Sway, Tang, Soong Sway, Tang, Soong Yooan, Ming, Ching, Republic Yooan, Ming, Ching, Republic Mou Ze Dong Mou Ze Dong

China – Birth of an Empire

General Info 221 B.C B.C. Han Dynasty Qin Dynasty 206 B.C. – 220 A.D. Qin Shih Huangdi First Emperor It was short-lived. DynastyDynasty It lasted over 400 years. The Most Famous Ruler Wu Ti

When we last checked in … The Zhou was a bronze age dynasty that had pushed out the previous Shang rulers. The Zhou was a bronze age dynasty that had pushed out the previous Shang rulers. By 256 bce, the Zhou had lost the “Mandate of Heaven” and China entered the “Warring States” period By 256 bce, the Zhou had lost the “Mandate of Heaven” and China entered the “Warring States” period Zhou Wuwang

Mandate of Heaven The divine right to rule The divine right to rule

The Qin Dynasty The Qin defeated regional states and unified the kingdoms of China by 221 B.C.E. The Qin defeated regional states and unified the kingdoms of China by 221 B.C.E. –The First Emperor of China – Shi Huangdi (r bce)

Economic Power! Economic Power! –Public works intended to improve economy  Canals  Irrigation  Acquisition of areas rich in iron ore –Mass mobilization of FORCED LABOR for public works including Great Wall of China –700,000 workers used to create capital city

Beginning in 220 B.C., Shi Huandi began restoring and linking separate sections of the Great Wall which had been built years before

Government Structure He provided a single law code for the whole empire He provided a single law code for the whole empire (laws posted for all to see) Established a uniform tax system Established a uniform tax system Appointed governors to control (legal/military) each district. Appointed governors to control (legal/military) each district. Standardized weights and measures Standardized weights and measures Standardized written Chinese language! Standardized written Chinese language!

Harsh system of rule: Legalism The best way to control human behavior is through written law rather than through rituals, customs, or ethics. laws maintain the stability of the state from the people who are selfish and ignorant. laws let the ruler govern efficiently and sometimes ruthlessly. Text apart from law books were considered useless (and were often destroyed along with other “arts”)

The Legalist Philosophy of the Qin conflicted with other political “philosophies” of the time… – Confucianism  Good government requires men of benevolence, virtue, and culture  Governments should promote these traits; their absence leads to chaos  all people have virtue and are educable Kong Fuzi - “Confucious”

The Analects Never kiss a fool, or be fooled by a kiss.Never kiss a fool, or be fooled by a kiss. Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it. Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses. Respect yourself and others will respect you.Respect yourself and others will respect you. Study the past if you would define the future. Study the past if you would define the future. Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake.Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake. He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.

1. Ruler 1. Ruler Subject Subject 2. Father 2. Father Son Son 3. Husband 3. Husband Wife Wife 4. Older Brother 4. Older Brother Younger Brother Younger Brother 5. Older Friend 5. Older Friend Younger Friend Younger Friend

Daoism (Taoism) The Dao is “The Way” The way is to become one with nature Nature should take its course with no human interference People should go with the flow – a rock in the stream letting the water (life) flow around you "Wei Wu Wei" = "action without action". Man is unhappy because he lives acc. to man-made laws, customs, & traditions that are contrary to the ways of nature.

Daoism Rejected Confucianism but was often tied to it  Confucianism = the public philosophy  Daoism = solace in private lives Members of a Taoist spiritual group cheer colleagues backstage during an annual prayer ceremony in Taipei. BBC 2008