The Road that Led to World War Two Part One: Why WWI Was NOT the War to End all Wars… Part One: Why WWI Was NOT the War to End all Wars…

Creating A Peace Plan Remember from Last Semester, that once Germany surrendered in WWI, leaders of both the Allied Nations (Britain, France, U.S.) and the Defeated Nations (Germany) met to secure a peace plan There were two major plans that were discussed –Wilson’s 14 Points –Treaty of Versailles Remember from Last Semester, that once Germany surrendered in WWI, leaders of both the Allied Nations (Britain, France, U.S.) and the Defeated Nations (Germany) met to secure a peace plan There were two major plans that were discussed –Wilson’s 14 Points –Treaty of Versailles

Forgive and Forget… not so fast Mr. Wilson Wilson’s 14 Point Plan was rejected by the other allied nations –They wanted to seek revenge and punishment –Which in turn created the Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s 14 Point Plan was rejected by the other allied nations –They wanted to seek revenge and punishment –Which in turn created the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles Established 9 New Nations Demilitarized Germany (no more air force and navy, and army reduced to 100,000 men) Germany must pay reparations (33 billion dollars) to Allied nations War Guilt Clause- Germany must take blame for the war! Established 9 New Nations Demilitarized Germany (no more air force and navy, and army reduced to 100,000 men) Germany must pay reparations (33 billion dollars) to Allied nations War Guilt Clause- Germany must take blame for the war!

Europe Before and After WWI

So Why Did the Treaty of Versailles Fail to Secure Peace? Did not make the “world safe for democracy” Germans upset by treaty - it was not fair Soviets (former Russians) upset by the carving away of Russia Did nothing to help war torn nations Did not make the “world safe for democracy” Germans upset by treaty - it was not fair Soviets (former Russians) upset by the carving away of Russia Did nothing to help war torn nations

May 15, 1941

Hitler’s First Steps (page 552) Why??? = “lebensraum” Austria Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg After several countries, perhaps someone should have done something! Why??? = “lebensraum” Austria Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg After several countries, perhaps someone should have done something!

May 22, 1941

The United States attempts Neutrality… Summer of Mussolini (Italian Fascist leader) prepares to invade Ethiopia to expand colonial holdings. America fears this will result in a general European war. United States legislators begin to create a system of legal protections to avoid being drawn into the conflict. Summer of Mussolini (Italian Fascist leader) prepares to invade Ethiopia to expand colonial holdings. America fears this will result in a general European war. United States legislators begin to create a system of legal protections to avoid being drawn into the conflict.

Neutrality Acts 1935 –First of the acts, direct response to current European situation –Prohibits all arms shipments to nations at war –President may warn US citizens against traveling on the ships of warring nations 1936 –Renewed all of 1935 Act 1937 –Established the “cash and carry” policy—warring nations could purchase non-military goods from the US and had to pay for the goods in cash and carry cargo on their own ships 1935 –First of the acts, direct response to current European situation –Prohibits all arms shipments to nations at war –President may warn US citizens against traveling on the ships of warring nations 1936 –Renewed all of 1935 Act 1937 –Established the “cash and carry” policy—warring nations could purchase non-military goods from the US and had to pay for the goods in cash and carry cargo on their own ships What legal protection does America gain from these acts? Why are they significant?

September 28, 1941

1939- A Time for Change? August 31, Poland invaded by Hitler, Britain and France honor agreements and declare war. US clearly favors Britain, France and Allies Sept Revision of the Neutrality Acts: –Still prohibited American ships from war zones –Warring nations could now purchase arms from the US through cash and carry August 31, Poland invaded by Hitler, Britain and France honor agreements and declare war. US clearly favors Britain, France and Allies Sept Revision of the Neutrality Acts: –Still prohibited American ships from war zones –Warring nations could now purchase arms from the US through cash and carry

1940 and Can it get any worse? Year of the Blitzkrieg 6/10/1940- Mussolini begins fighting alongside Hitler 6/22/1940- France falls July Polls show that 66% of Americans saw Germany as a direct threat to the US September American draft begins December Britain bankrupt and at its greatest level of need. The US proposes…  Year of the Blitzkrieg 6/10/1940- Mussolini begins fighting alongside Hitler 6/22/1940- France falls July Polls show that 66% of Americans saw Germany as a direct threat to the US September American draft begins December Britain bankrupt and at its greatest level of need. The US proposes… 

Lend-Lease Act Allow the US gov’t to sell and also lend/lease arms to nations that were declared “vital to the defense of the United States.” Therefore, the US could give arms to Britain, so long as Britain promised to return them or pay for them eventually. The convoy issue—US says that it will handle protection in the Western ½ of the Atlantic. Eventually US convoys are patrolling as far east as Iceland Allow the US gov’t to sell and also lend/lease arms to nations that were declared “vital to the defense of the United States.” Therefore, the US could give arms to Britain, so long as Britain promised to return them or pay for them eventually. The convoy issue—US says that it will handle protection in the Western ½ of the Atlantic. Eventually US convoys are patrolling as far east as Iceland How can the Lend-Lease Act be considered a departure from neutrality?

September 10, 1941

3 Major Dictators and their promises to “fix” their country Dictator and Country Stalin Soviet Union Mussolini Italy Hitler Germany How Did They Rise to Power? Goals “Ism”

Dictator and Country Stalin Soviet Union Mussolini Italy Hitler Germany How Did They Rise to Power? Lenin dies in 1924, Stalin takes over MAN OF STEEL WWI veterans to oppose govt’ Est. fascist party Overthrows king and takes power Goals Industrial power Model communist state (true socialist) No private property Purge opposition World power-model after ancient Rome Destroy communism- protect private property “Ism” Totalitarianism- Total control over people, no rights, no opposition Fascism Totalitarianism + nationalism + militarism Nazism, fascism + extreme racism

Dictator and Country Stalin Soviet Union Mussolini Italy Hitler Germany How Did They Rise to Power? Lenin dies in 1924 and stalin takes office Org. war vets from wwi, forms the fascist party, gain some power in parlianemnt, march on rome, king steps down Goals True socialist = communist state, later spread communism, industrial power, purge opposition, no private property (forces peasants off land) Takes back roman empire, world power, get rid of communism, protect property rights, “Ism” Totalitarianism- no rights, no opposition, gov’t has control Fascism, totalitariansim + nationalism + militarism + racism Nazism is fascism on steroids