13:1 Rise of Dictators Benito Mussolini – Italy, 1919 Fascism – Aggressive nationalistic movement – Nation is more important than the individual

13:1 Vladimir Lenin – Established communist governments throughout Russian empire – Renamed “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” (USSR)

Joseph Stalin – Russian leader after Lenin – Created “Collectives” Government-owned farms Resistors starved to death (10 million peasants) – Concentration camps In Arctic

Adolf Hitler – National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI) – Wrote Mein Kempf (“my struggle”) Called for unification of all Germans under one gov’t – 1934, becomes Der Fuhrer (“the leader”)

Militarists control Japan – Needed new territory for resources – Invaded Manchuria Resource-rich region of northern China

America Stays Neutral – Become isolationists again Most debtor nations didn’t repay loans Nye Committee – Business influenced America’s decision to enter WWI – Arms manufacturers made huge profits Neutrality Act of 1935 – Illegal for Americans to sells arms to any country at war

Neutrality Act of 1937 – Continued ban on selling arms to warring nations – Had to buy non-military supplies from U.S. on “cash –n-carry” basis Pay cash, no loans Send own ships

Internationalism – Trade between nations creates prosperity – Keeps nations from going to war with each other