HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 1 We the People Section 1: Civics in Our Lives Civics in Our LivesCivics in Our Lives Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens? Who Are U.S. Citizens?Who Are U.S. Citizens? Section 3: The American People Today The American People TodayThe American People Today

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Section 1: Civics in Our Lives The Main Idea As a U.S. citizen, it is your duty to help preserve freedom and to ensure justice and equality for yourself and all Americans. Reading Focus   Why do we study civics?   What are the values that form the basis of the American way of life?   What are the roles and qualities of a good citizen?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Civics is the study of citizenship and government. Citizenship includes:  Being a productive member of society  Fulfilling the duties and responsibilities of a citizen Section 1: Civics in Our Lives

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Ideals of the U.S. government and the American way of life:  Freedom and equality are protected by laws.  Citizens share in protecting liberties.  Citizens are guaranteed an education and equal opportunity of employment.  Citizens must respect the rights of others. Section 1: Civics in Our Lives

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Some roles and qualities of a good citizen:  Voting  Government or political participation  Informing officials of needs or disagreements  Studying civics to understand the government  Respecting the rights of others  Responsibly using natural resources Section 1: Civics in Our Lives

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 American Ideals Freedom Equality Section 1 Question: What ideals form the basis of the U.S. government and the American way of life?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens? The Main Idea Throughout history, immigrants have brought their languages, ideas, beliefs, hopes, and customs to the United States. Their ways of life are constantly mixing with and influencing the culture of Americans who came before. Reading Focus   Who are “Americans,” and from where did they come?   What changes have occurred in U.S. immigration policy since the early 1800s?   How does a person become a U.S. citizen?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Vocabulary Terms  Immigrants – people who came here from other countries.  Quota – a specific number of immigrants from certain countries or regions who are allowed to enter the country each year.  Aliens – permanent residents of the U.S. who are still citizens of another country  Native-born – born in the U.S.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9  Naturalization – legal process by which an alien may become a citizen  Refugees – people who are trying to escape dangers in their own countries.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 North America’s earliest inhabitants:  People from Siberia settled in North America 12,000 – 40,000 years ago.  A.D. 1000—Vikings arrived but did not settle in North America.  1492—Christopher Columbus claimed land for Spain.  Spanish, French, British, Dutch, Swedish, and Africans (slaves) settled in America. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Changes in U.S. immigration policy:  1880s—restrictions placed on immigration in response to wage issues  1920s—Limits on yearly immigration; quotas set for particular countries  Immigration Act of 1990—cap set at 675,000 immigrants per year  Refugees are not subject to the immigration cap.  1986—Immigration Reform and Control Act Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 U.S. Citizenship:  Citizenship by birth:  Native-born – born in the U.S., includes any U.S. state or territory.  If one or both of your parents was a U.S. citizen  Neither parent is a U.S. citizen, but you are born in the U.S.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13Continued:  Citizenship by Naturalization:  Legal process by which an alien may become a citizen.  Same rights and duties, same benefits. Only exception is that a naturalized citizen may not become President of the U.S.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 How U.S. citizenship benefits people:  Freedom is protected by laws.  Citizens are eligible for government services. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Benefits of Citizenship freedom of job choice right to hold public office voting rights Question: What are the benefits of U.S. citizenship? Section 2

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 The Main Idea The U.S. population continues to grow and change today. Reading Focus   Why is the census important?   In what ways does population grow and change?   What has changed about the American population over the years?   For what reasons have Americans moved and settled in new areas over the course of U.S. history? Section 3: The American People Today

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17Vocabulary  Census – an official, periodic counting of a population.  Demographics – study of the characteristics of a human populations.  Birthrate – the annual number of live births per 1,000 members of a population  Death rate – the annual number of deaths per 1,000 members of a population.  Migration – movement of large numbers of people from region to region.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Census Information  The United States conducts a census every 10 years.  Determines how many people each state has in the House of Representatives  Shows population growth and decline for different areas  Reports how many children each family has  Helps government, businesses, and individuals plan for the future Section 3: The American People Today

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Population Growth  Three ways in which the population may increase:  Natural increase – birthrate is greater than the death rate.  Adding territory – the people in annexed areas become U.S. citizens  Immigration

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 Population Changes  Changing Households – increase in one-parent households, fewer children or no children  Women’s Roles – more women work outside the home, more women than men enter college and graduate  Older population – people have healthier lifestyles and better medical care.  More diverse population

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Changes in the movement of Americans:  The first census found the majority of Americans living on farms and rural areas.  1830—urban areas were growing faster than rural areas  1920—more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas  Mid-1900s—suburbs developed around crowded cities  Today there are more people living in suburbs than in cities.  Migration to the Sunbelt increased during the 1980s–1990s. Section 3: The American People Today

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 Who Uses ItHow They Use It government businesses individuals to plan the budget to fill the needs of the market to write books and reports Question: Why is census information important? Section 3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT SECTION 3 Minority GroupConditions / Concerns African Americans making gains toward equality, but statistics still show members are lagging in education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active Hispanics rapidly growing population; trailing in income and education; diverse population Asian Americans contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and second-generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as "model minority," although this term is resented American Indians often live on reservations; high poverty and poor education; encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools White Ethnics includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24 Chapter 1 Wrap-Up 1.Why do people study civics? 2.What principles and ideals form the foundation of the American system of government? 3.How has U.S. immigration policy changed since the early 1800s? 4.What benefits do people derive from being a citizen of the United States? 5.Identify three ways that the populations of countries increase. 6.How have migration patterns shifted from the 1800s to the present? 1.Why do people study civics? 2.What principles and ideals form the foundation of the American system of government? 3.How has U.S. immigration policy changed since the early 1800s? 4.What benefits do people derive from being a citizen of the United States? 5.Identify three ways that the populations of countries increase. 6.How have migration patterns shifted from the 1800s to the present?