1.Describe various e-government initiatives. 2.Understand e-government implementation issues including e-government 2.0 and m-government. 3.Describe e-learning, virtual universities, and e- training. 4.Describe e-books. 5.Describe knowledge management and dissemination as an e-business. 6.Describe C2C activities. 7.Describe collaborative commerce. 6-1 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

e-government E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens. 6-2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Government-to-citizens (G2C) E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens that take place electronically  G2C applications enable citizens to ask questions of government agencies and receive answers, pay taxes, receive payments & document, and so forth  Governments also can disseminate information on the web, conduct training,help citizens find employment, and more  The major features of government web sites are: phone and address information, links to other sites, publications, and databases  The major areas of G2C activities are: tourism & recreation, research & education, downloadable forms, discovery of government services, information about public policy,and advice about health and safety issues

Electronic Voting: Voting process is subject to error and fraud Voting encompasses problems like registration and voter authentication, casting of ballots, tallying of results…etc. A good voting machine should show the voter what he has entered and ask for confirmation Security and auditing measures are key to the success of e-voting Politicians are using blogs and social networks to promote themselves and reach the voters Electronic Benefits Transfer: The attempt was made to deliver benefits to recipients’ bank account Smart card is used for citizens who don not have bank accounts 6-4

Government-to-business (G2B) E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to the government). – Government E-Procurement (RFQ/tendering) – Group Purchasing – Forward E-Auctions 6-5 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Government-to-government (G2G) E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments. Government-to-employees (G2E) E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees. 6-6 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE) These internal initiatives provide tools for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of government operations: E-payroll E-records management E-training Integrated acquisition Integrated human resources One-stop recruitment 6-7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

E-GOVERNMENT 2.0 AND SOCIAL NETWORKING – By using web2.0 tools, governments can raise the effectiveness of their online presence. – Governments are using web2.0 tools mainly for collaboration, dissemination of information, e-learning, online forums,and citizen engagement – Politicians are using social networking extensively Mobile government (m-government) The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to businesses. – It is value-added service because : it enables government to reach a larger number of citizens it is more cost-effective than other IT applications it is convenient to users Governments employ large number of mobile workers who can be supported by wireless devices

E-learning The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management. – May include the use of web-based teaching materials and hypermedia in general multimedia CD, web sites, discussion boards, collaborative software, , blogs, wikis, chatrooms, computer-aided assessment, educational animation, simulations,games,learning management software – E-learning is broader than online learning,which generally refers to purely web-based learning BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING – Time reduction – Large volume and diversity -Cost reduction – Higher content retention – Flexibility -Updated and consistent material – Fear-free environment 6-9

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DRAWBACKS OF E-LEARNING – Need for instructor retraining – Equipment needs and support services – Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life – Assessment – Maintenance and updating – Protection of intellectual property – Computer literacy – Student retention 6-11 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

distance learning Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources. virtual university An online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

ONLINE CORPORATE TRAINING – A large number of business organizations are using e- learning on a large scale to offer online training (often done via intranets & corporate portals) – Cisco IBM Taiwan the university of Toyota IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING AND E-TRAINING – Most schools and industries use e-learning as a supplementary channel to traditional classrooms – Learning center 6-13

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND E-LEARNING – Social networks environment provide an excellent opportunity to model high-tech learning,making it possible for employees to share their experiences with others – Several companies are using social networking for training & development – Several social networks are dedicated to learning and training – Learnhub.com studycurve.com – Many universities combine e-learning and social networks,many professors have blogs and wikis for their classes – Many students use social networks to connect with other learner, share information, ask questions,and find expert answers 6-14

LEARNING IN VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SECOND LIFE – A number of interesting learning initiatives have been implemented in virtual worlds, especially in second life – Users can participate in simulations, role-plays, construction projects, and social event – These places can be springboards to fiction writing,sociology studies, and historical reenactments – Learning in virtual worlds also offers the possibility of collaboration, learner can interact with a learning program and with other learners 6-15

VISUAL INTERACTIVE SIMULATION – An effective technology for e-training and e-learning,which uses computer graphic displays to present the impact of decisions – Some learners respond better to graphical displays, especially when it is done interactively – It provides major benefits like : shorten learning time aid in teaching how to operate complex equipment enable self-paced learning aid in memorization, lower overall training costs record an individual learning progress and improve on it 6-16

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e-book A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device. – E-books can be delivered and read via Web access Web download A dedicated reader A general-purpose reader A Web server 6-20 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Devices for Reading FYI E-Books – Amazon.com’s Kindle 2 – The Sony PRS-200 – Barnes and Noble’s Nook Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-21

– Advantages of E-Books Lower cost Portability Easy search capabilities and links Easy downloading Ability to quickly and inexpensively copy material Easy integration of content with other text Easy updating No wear and tear on a physical book Ability to find out-of-print books Books can be published and updated quickly so they can be kept current 6-22 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Limitations of E-Books – They require hardware and software that may be too expensive for some readers – Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of material on a screen – Batteries may run down – There are multiple competing standards 6-23 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

knowledge management (KM) The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary. A major purpose of organizational knowledge base is to allow for knowledge sharing KM resources: – Human capital – Structured capital – Customer capital 6-24 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

KM types and activities – Create knowledge: – Capture knowledge – Refine knowledge – Store knowledge – Manage knowledge – Disseminate knowledge – Knowledge Sharing Knowledge sharing – The ability to share knowledge decreases its cost and increases its effectiveness for greater competitive advantage. – a major purpose of KM is to increase knowledge sharing 6-25

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HOW IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RELATED TO E- COMMERCE? – To better perform their EC tasks, organizations need knowledge,which is provided by KM – By analyzing marketing data,organizations can learn about their customers and generate useful knowledge for planning and decision making – Appropriate knowledge is needed to interpret information and to execute activities KM and Social Networks – The major purposes of such communities are Knowledge creation Knowledge sharing Ex: IBM’s innovation Jam 6-27

ONLINE ADVICE AND CONSULTING – Medical advice webmd.com – Management consulting – Legal advice – Financial advice – Social networks linkedin.com 6-28 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS AND EXPERT LOCATION SYSTEMS – Finding Experts Electronically – expert location systems (ELS) Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and connect with colleagues who have expertise required for specific problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—in order to solve specific, critical business problems in seconds. AskMe Realcom – Seeking Expertise in Social Networks 6-29 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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consumer-to-consumer (C2C) E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers. Usually involve third parties such as eBay, craigslist, or a social network C2C networks can include classified ads, music and file sharing, and personal services Advantages: it reduces the cost of buyers,and it gives many individual and small business owners a low-cost way to sell their goods and services 6-31 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

E-COMMERCE: C2C APPLICATIONS – C2C Auctions – Classified Ads – Personal Services – Napster and Others—File-Sharing Utilities – C2C Activities in Social Networks and Trading Virtual Properties 6-32 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

collaborative commerce (c-commerce) The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications. Tools: groupware, blogs, wikis, and special systems EX: SCM,CRM 6-33 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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Collaboration hub The central point of control for an e-market. A single c-hub, representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to exchange data with the c-hub. C-commerce activities usually are conducted between and among supply chain partners There are several varieties of C-commerce, ranging from joint design efforts to forecasting Collaboration can be done both between and within organizations 6-35 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

IMPLEMENTING C-COMMERCE – Example: Design with C-Commerce BARRIERS TO C-COMMERCE – Technical factors involving a lack of internal integration, standards, and networks – Security and privacy concerns, and some distrust over who has access to and control of information stored in a partner’s database – Internal resistance to information sharing and to new approaches – Lack of internal skills to conduct c-commerce 6-36 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

1.What are the e-government opportunities? 2.How do we design the most cost-efficient government e-procurement system? 3.How do we design the portfolio of e-learning knowledge sources? 4.How do we incorporate social networking– based learning and services in our organization? 6-37 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5.Can we capitalize on C2C EC? 6.How do we connect our expert location system and social networking initiatives? 7.What will be the impact of the e-book platform? 8.How difficult is it to introduce e- collaboration? 6-38 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

In order to gain CH 6 point, you need to do one of the following : 1.Answer one of the chapter cases Or 2.Search for any example of e-government or m- government from Saudi Arabia and talk about it Or 3.Choose two of the internet exercises (page 293) and answer them.I recommend number 3,5,9,