Dániel Vékony 26th October 2011

 Forms of immigartion– Muslims coming to Western-Europe  What went wrong and why?  Headscarf and France – questions about secularism  Islamism in Western-Europe  „Arab spring” - Islamism and the role of Europe

 Begins after WWII – rebuliding of Eu  Unskilled workers, mainly male – various ways to get to Eu – (former) colonies, bilateral treaties  1973 – things change – families join, rules get stricter  Onwards – family reunification, legal migration, illegal migration, refugees(!)

 First wave – unskilled workers, loose out after 1973  Family reunification creates the real social problem – integrating families – challenges with women, children  No strategy for integration – unsuccesful

 Probelmatic identities – (w)here do I belong?  Religion fills in the space?  Whose Islam? – parents vs children?  Opportunity for islamism

 Multiculturalism  Assimilation  Gastarbeiter

 Did it all began in 1989?  1989  1990s  Prelude to the Law  Sarkozy’s speech at Le Bourget  Stasi Commission  Different interest at different stakeholders

 Sing-post for the society - redefining what is French and what is not  Catharsis through legislation  Changing sense of laïcité  Is it a step towards communalism or is it a step to unify society?  Plus Burqa ban – 2010 – other countries…

 As heterogenous as Muslims themselves  Radicals and moderates  Various target- groups, various agendas  Targetting second-, third-generation Muslims

 Islamist dissidents take refuge in W-Eu – mainly in London  Spreading of proganda in home country  Khomeini, Ghannouchi

 John Bowen – Why the French Don’t Like Headscraves?  Bassam Tibi - Political Islam, World Politics and Europe - Democratic Peace and Euro-Islam versus Global Jihad