EXAMPLE 1 Identify congruent angles SOLUTION By the Corresponding Angles Postulate, m 5 = 120°. Using the Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem, m 4 = 120°.

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EXAMPLE 1 Identify congruent angles SOLUTION By the Corresponding Angles Postulate, m 5 = 120°. Using the Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem, m 4 = 120°. Because 4 and 8 are corresponding angles, by the Corresponding Angles Postulate, you know that m 8 = 120°. The measure of three of the numbered angles is 120°. Identify the angles. Explain your reasoning.

EXAMPLE 2 Use properties of parallel lines ALGEBRA Find the value of x. SOLUTION By the Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem, m 4 = 115°. Lines a and b are parallel, so you can use the theorems about parallel lines. Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem m 4 + (x+5)° = 180° Substitute 115° for m ° + (x+5)° = 180° Combine like terms. x = 180 Subtract 120 from each side. x = 60

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 SOLUTION Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem. m 4 = 105° Corresponding Angles Postulate. m 5 =105° Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem m 8 =105° Use the diagram at the right. 1. If m 1 = 105°, find m 4, m 5, and m 8. Tell which postulate or theorem you use in each case.

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 Use the diagram at the right. 2. If m 3 = 68° and m 8 = (2x + 4)°, what is the value of x ? Show your steps.

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 SOLUTION 7 and 5 are supplementary. m 7 + m 8 = 180° Corresponding Angles Postulate. m 3 =m 7 m 3 =68° Substitute 68° for m 7 and (2x + 4) for 8. 68° + 2x + 4 =180° Combine like terms x =180° Subtract 72 from each side. 2x =108 Divide each side by 2. x =54

EXAMPLE 3 Prove the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem Prove that if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of alternate interior angles are congruent. SOLUTION Draw a diagram. Label a pair of alternate interior angles as 1 and 2. You are looking for an angle that is related to both 1 and 2. Notice that one angle is a vertical angle with 2 and a corresponding angle with 1. Label it 3. GIVEN : p q PROVE :  1  2

EXAMPLE 3 Prove the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem STATEMENTS REASONS p q Given 2. 1  Corresponding Angles Postulate 3. 3  Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem 4. 1  2 Transitive Property of Congruence 4.4.

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a real-world problem Science When sunlight enters a drop of rain, different colors of light leave the drop at different angles. This process is what makes a rainbow. For violet light, m 2 = 40°. What is m 1 ? How do you know?

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a real-world problem SOLUTION Because the sun’s rays are parallel, 1 and 2 are alternate interior angles. By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, 1 2. By the definition of congruent angles, m 1 = m 2 = 40°.

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 3 and 4 3. In the proof in Example 3, if you use the third statement before the second statement, could you still prove the theorem? Explain. SOLUTION Yes still we can prove the theorem. As 3 and 2 congruence is not dependent on the congruence of 1 and 3.

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 3 and 4 Suppose the diagram in Example 4 shows yellow light leaving a drop of rain. Yellow light leaves the drop at an angle of 41°. What is m 1 in this case? How do you know? SOLUTION Because the sun’s rays are parallel, 1 and 2 are alternate interior angles. By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, 1 2. By the definition of congruent angles, m 1 = m 2 = 41°. 4. WHAT IF?