Warm Up  Define the following terms: Digestion Digestion Absorption Absorption Peristalsis Peristalsis Saliva Saliva Gastric juices Gastric juices Villi Villi Glycerol Glycerol Diglycerides Diglycerides Metabolism Metabolism

Digestion and Absorption

Digestive Tract  Mouth  Esophagus  Stomach  Small intestine  Large intestine  Anus

Mechanical Phase  Begins in mouth  Teeth break down food  Peristalsis- pushes food through digestive tract

Chemical Phase  Begins in mouth Mixed with saliva Mixed with saliva Breaks down starches Breaks down starches  Stomach- gastric juices Sight, smell, taste Sight, smell, taste Meal leaves stomach 2-3 hours Meal leaves stomach 2-3 hours 1 st - carbs 1 st - carbs 2 nd - proteins 2 nd - proteins 3 rd - fats 3 rd - fats

 Small intestine: Intestinal and pancreatic juices, bile break down food  Large intestine: Where indigestible residue, waste, and water move to Excrete as feces Excrete as feces

Absorption  Water, alcohol, simple sugars absorbed from stomach  Villi line small intestine  Carbs- monosacs  Fats- fatty acids and glycerol  Proteins- amino acids

Metabolism  After body absorbs nutrients: Growth Growth Carry out bodily processes Carry out bodily processes Release energy Release energy Convert to heat Convert to heat  Carbs- energy, glycogen, fat  Fat- fuel  Protein- cell growth, energy

Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR)  Amt energy needed to stay alive Heat given off at physical, digestive, and emotional rest Heat given off at physical, digestive, and emotional rest  Body size  Age  Health

BMR  More body surface area = higher BMR  Children + adolescents = higher BMR Rapid growth Rapid growth >20, BMR slows >20, BMR slows  Adrenaline- increases BMR  Physical activity

Calculating Calories  Energy value of food  Carbs- 4 kcals/g  Fat- 9 kcals/g  Protein- 4 kcals/g

Calculating Calories  Milk Fat- 8g Fat- 8g Carbs- 12g Carbs- 12g Protein- 2g Protein- 2g  Bread Fat- 3g Carbs- 20g Protein- 1g

Calculating Calories  Cornbread 40 kcals 40 kcals How many grams CHOs? How many grams CHOs?  Doughnut 180 kcals How many grams fat?

Calculating Percentages  Used to find what percentage of total calories come from a specific nutrient  Granola Bar 157 Calories 157 Calories CHO: 88 caloriesCHO: 88 calories Fat: 45 caloriesFat: 45 calories Protein: 24 caloriesProtein: 24 calories

Warm Up  List the items you had for dinner last night.  Find the amount of fat, carbohydrates, and protein for each item.  Calculate the calories for each nutrient.  Calculate the percentages for each nutrient.  Show your work.

Parts of a Nutrition Facts Label  Serving size  Servings per container  Calories per serving  Nutrient amounts  Daily Values  Percent Daily Values