Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Disaster Management / Emergency Response Mechanism 02 December 2009, Jakarta

Article One = the purposes of the UN: –To keep peace throughout the world –To develop friendly relations between nations based on the principles of equal rights & self-determination of peoples –To promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms –To be a centre for achieving these common goals

MAIN ORGANS OF THE UN SPECIALIZED AGENCIES & OTHER ORGANISATIONS Security Council Secretariat General Assembly Economic & Social Council International Court of Justice Trusteeship Council S-G UN PROGRAMMES & FUNDS Basic organisation of the United Nations

The Emergency Relief Coordinator (GA Resolution 46/182, December 1991) Is USG for Humanitarian Affairs and heads OCHA; Processes requests from Member States for emergency assistance and Mobilizes emergency relief capacities Conducts pooling and analysis of early-warning information, joint inter-agency needs-assessment Facilitates negotiation on access to deliver aid; Promotes the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation; Chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee; Manages the world-wide network of Humanitarian Coordinators.

Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform OCHA was established pursuant to the adoption of the Secretary General’s Programme for Reform by GA Resolution 52/12 (12 Nov. 1997), which identified 3 priority areas for OCHA: POLICY DEVELOPMENT, to ensure that all humanitarian issues are addressed; ADVOCACY of humanitarian issues; COORDINATION of humanitarian emergency response.

OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools 24 hours Duty system 24 hours Duty system Reliefweb.int Reliefweb.int Emergency Cash Grants Emergency Cash Grants Register of Disaster Register of Disaster Management Capabilities Management Capabilities MCDA & CMCoord* MCDA & CMCoord* Brindisi Warehouse Brindisi Warehouse CAP section CAP section CERFCERF IRIN ( Integrated Regional Information Networks) IRIN ( Integrated Regional Information Networks) Humanitarian Info Centre * Humanitarian Info Centre * *) UN Common services UNDAC Teams UNDAC Teams IHP Support modules (+) IHP Support modules (+) Standby Partners Standby Partners IASC secretariat IASC secretariat On Site Operations Coordination On Site Operations Coordination centre ( OSOCC) in field centre ( OSOCC) in field Virtual OSOCC (GDACS) Virtual OSOCC (GDACS) INSARAG Secretariat INSARAG Secretariat Disaster Response advisors Disaster Response advisors Environmental Emergency Section Environmental Emergency Section Emergency telecomms* Emergency telecomms* OCHA Tools

OCHA Indonesia OCHA has been present in Indonesia since 1999 focusing on: Strengthening in-country coordination capacity in close collaboration with BNPB and other government agencies Monitoring, reporting and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies Coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian response Advocating humanitarian issues through various mechanisms Secretariat of Consortium for Disaster Education and UNTWG- DRR OCHA is embedded to RC/HC Office

Disaster Management Principles and Coordination The principle of liability; The principle of greatest possible similarity; The principle of lowest possible operational level,

What is coordination for? Avoiding duplication Ensuring coverage Speeding delivery Using facilities efficiently Prioritised needs addressed first

National level Local Emergency Management Level International level Levels of coordination

OCHA’s Global Coordination Model Disaster affected country National disaster relief coord. Embassies UN agencies’ reps. National Red Cross/Crescent National NGO’s Others (including private) International response Donor governments Inter Governmental org. UN agencies Red Cross/Crescent family. International NGO’s Others (including private) OCHA (IASC) Information on needs & national response Information on needs/international response Representative of OCHA (ResReps/UNDAC) ASSISTANCE

But the reality ? IFRC ICRC CEDERA PNSs WFP NGOs UNDP MIL OCHA Geneva Humanitarian Coordinator AffectedPopulation Affected Government CIMIC National Red Cross USAID/ DART Ambassadors Donor Govt’s NGOs National military HCR UNICEF IGOs OSSOC UNDAC MEDIA

Humanitarian Response Review in 2005 found: Well-known, long-standing gaps Unpredictable response capacity Weak partnerships Insufficient accountability Inconsistent donor policies

Humanitarian Reform: Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian Response System Three Pillars of Reform and The Foundation CLUSTER APPROACH Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all sectors HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian emergencies HUMANITARIAN FINANCING Adequate, timely and flexible financing PARTNERSHIP Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN actors For further learning:

Whose reform?

Cluster Approach Cluster/Sector Working Group Agriculture Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt Early Recovery Education Emergency Shelter Emergency Telecomms Health Logistics Nutrition Protection Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Global Cluster Leads FAO UNHCR (conflict) & IOM (nat. disasters) UNDP UNICEF & Save the Children UNHCR (conflict) & IFRC (as Convenor. Nat. disasters) WFP WHO WFP UNICEF UNHCR (conflict) / UNICEF (Disasters/ civilians from conflict or non-IDPs) UNICEF

Cluster Approach in Indonesia Was activated during Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquake Response in 2006 Contingency Planning using cluster approach. All clusters except Camp Management has been activated. Scenarios: large scale (major earthquake), medium scale (floods affecting some provinces) and full blown pandemic influenza Strengthen the cluster to respond the needs in West Java Earthquake - September 2009 and West Sumatra Earthquake - October 2009

Humanitarian Coordinators Establish broad-based humanitarian country teams Greater inclusiveness, transparency, and ownership in the appointment of Humanitarian Coordinators (non-IASC partners) RC/HC “score card” Training and Induction Support to HCs during emergencies and in transition Actions to strengthen the HC system:

Humanitarian Financing Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiative Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) Other initiatives These complement the existing: Consolidated and Flash Appeal Processes Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs), Emergency Response Funds (ERFs), Operational Reserves etc Accessible funds within 72 hours of a crises. Actions to improve Humanitarian financing:

Partnership Building  The Government has primary role in organizing humanitarian assistance in a disaster (GA Resolution 46/182).  Sector/Cluster Lead responsible for promoting close cooperation and linkages.  Where appropriate, should promote training and capacity building.  Influenced by political and security situation. No single humanitarian agency can cover all humanitarian needs

Guidelines on the use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief (Oslo Guidelines, 1994, updated 2006) Aimed to establish the basic framework for formalizing and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of foreign military and civil defense assets in international disaster relief operations.

Principles and Concepts  At the request or consent of receiving state  At no cost to the receiving state  In support of local emergency management  “Additionality/Complementarity” (Supporting)  Needs-based, neutral and impartial  Unarmed and in national uniform

Any questions ?