1© 2005 Sherri Heathcock 10-1 Growth & Expansion Economic Growth

2© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Industrial Revolution During the colonial era there were not enough workers, so Americans developed hand tools that made work easier and more efficient.

3© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In the mid-1700s the way things were made began to change. British inventors built machines that ran on waterpower and spun wool and cotton into thread that was used to make cloth.

4© 2005 Sherri Heathcock People went to work in the mills where they made more money. The changes this system brought were so significant that it became known as the Industrial Revolution.

5© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Industrial Revolution spread to the United States around It started in New England where people were willing to leave their farms to find work because farming was difficult.

6© 2005 Sherri Heathcock New England also had fast moving rivers and streams that provided the waterpower needed to run the machines.

7© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Low taxes, few government regulations, and little competition encouraged people to invest in new industries. They hoped to make money if the business succeeded.

8© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Corporations began to develop in the 1830s. Corporations sell stock, or shares of ownership in a company, to finance improvement and development. An economic system that allows competition with little government interference helps industry grow.

9© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The economic system of the United States is called capitalism. Under capitalism, people put their money into a business hoping to make a profit.

10© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Free enterprise allows people to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want and work wherever they wish. Business owners have the freedom to make the products that they think will make the most money and buyers try to find the best products at the lowest prices.

11© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Free Enterprise

12© 2005 Sherri Heathcock New Technology & Interchangeable Parts Workers, waterpower, location, and capital along with the invention of new machines and technology, or scientific discoveries, made the Industrial Revolution possible.

13© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Machines like the spinning jenny and the water frame, that spun thread, and the power loom, that wove the thread into cloth, made making cloth easier and cheaper.

14© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. It was a simple machine that removed seeds from the cotton fiber. The cotton gin enabled one worker to clean cotton as fast as 50 people working by hand.

15© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Eli Whitney also invented interchangeable parts. These were identical machine parts that could be quickly assembled. Because all the parts were alike, they could be made by less-skilled laborers and they made machine repair easier.

16© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Interchangeable parts made it possible to produced goods on a mass scale, which reduced the price.

17© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Interchangeable Parts

18© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In 1790 Congress passed a patent law to protect inventors. A patent gives an inventor the legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time. One of the first patents went to Jacob Perkins for a machine that made nails.

19© 2005 Sherri Heathcock New England Factories To keep their new technology a secret Britain passed laws prohibiting their machinery and mechanics from leaving the country.

20© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Samuel Slater had worked in a British factory that used machines to spin cotton into thread. He memorized the design of the machines and sneaked out of Britain to the U.S. in 1789.

21© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In 1814 Francis Cabot Lowell opened a textile factory where all the parts of cloth making were done under one roof.

22© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Lowell's mill started the factory system. Manufacturing became more efficient because all the steps were done at the same place.

23© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Francis Cabot Lowell