Unit 4: The Atom & the Electron Configurtation James Hutchison.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Vocabulary Quantum Amount of energy required to move an electron from it’s present energy level to another. Like gravity the energy needed to change levels.
Advertisements

Electronic Configuration Pauli exclusion principle – no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.
Quantum Mechanical Model: Electron Configurations
Electron configuration What is electron configuration? Explains the arrangement of electrons within an atom. There is a specific electron configuration.
Quantum Number and Electron Configurations
Chapter 13 Section 2 electron configuration- how e- are arranged around the nucleus Rules for e- configs: 1)Aufbau Principle -electrons enter orbitals.
Electron Configuration
Levels/Shells Principal Quantum Number (1-7) (2 x level 2 ) determines the amount of electrons that can fit into that energy level Electron Organization.
The Quantum Mechanical Model
Orbital Model/Electron Cloud Model The energy levels of electrons are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) Each energy sublevel corresponds to an orbital.
Ch. 5.2 Electron Configuration in Atoms. Electron Configurations Determined by three rules: the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s.
Atomic Structure. Electron Configurations The way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The arrangement of electrons in an atom Each element has a distinct electron configuration Electron configuration describes the.
Writing Electron Configuration. Quantum Numbers Quantum numbers define the location of electrons in an atomic orbital. This helps us understand why different.
How Electrons are Configured in Energy Shells   The lowest energy arrangement of electrons is the most stable. When electrons are arranged in the lowest.
 Electron Configuration is the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.
Electron Configuration Notation (ECN). Bohr’s Model - electrons travel in definite orbits around the nucleus. Move like planets around the sun. Energy.
Electron Arrangements Electron Configurations. Learning Objectives Express the arrangement of electrons in atoms using electron configurations Electron.
Electrons in Atoms. Models of the Atom – I can identify the inadequacies in the Rutherford atomic model I can identify the new proposal.
Electron Configuration. The way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.
October 5 th, 2015 What is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have mass 176, 19 have mass 177, 27 have mass 178, 14 have mass 179,
-the arrangement of electrons in an atom -a distinct configuration for each element -assume the arrangement with the lowest possible energies (ground-state.
Ch. 13 – Electrons in Atoms 13.1 = Models of the atom.
Electron Configurations. Schrodinger’s Quantum Model Principal Energy Levels - A region around the nucleus of an atom where the electron is likely to.
Bohr’s Model - electrons travel in definite orbits around the nucleus. Move like planets around the sun. Energy levels – the region around the nucleus.
Electron Configuration. Objectives Describe the relationship between orbitals and energy levels for the electrons of an atom Describe the relationship.
Electron Arrangement in Atoms.  Electron configurations  Aufbau principle  Pauli exclusion principle  Hund’s rule.
Electron Configurations. The way electrons are arranged in atoms.
Arrangement of the Atom
Electron Configurations
Atomic (Hotels) Theory  Floors of the hotel are known as energy levels  The period corresponds to the floor. The number of the floor is called the Principle.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL  Determines the allowed energies an electron can have  Determines how likely it is to find the electron in various locations.
Section 4-3 Electron Configurations. Quantum Mechanical Model Energy Levels have sublevels Each sublevel contains orbitals –Orbital – a 3-D region around.
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom. Schrodinger The quantum mechanical model determines the energy an electron can have and the PROBABILITY of finding.
Electron Configuration Atomic Structure and. Orbital (“electron cloud”) – Region in space where there is 90% probability of finding an e - Each orbital.
Quantum Numbers n, l, m, and s – Used to describe an electron in an atom Probable location n – Principal Quantum Number – Represents main energy level.
What are electron configurations? The way electrons are arranged in atoms. Used to indicate which orbitals (energy levels) are occupied by electrons for.
Bohr model and electron configuration. Bohr’s Model Why don’t the electrons fall into the nucleus? Move like planets around the sun. In circular orbits.
I. Electron Configurations A.Principal energy levels B.Energy sublevels C.Orbitals.
The Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom Ch 5 (pg. 131)
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Quantum Numbers, Electron Configuration, and Orbital Diagrams
The Bohr Model of the Atom
Electron Energy Level Notes
ELECTRONS IN ATOMS.
Electrons: The Bohr Model, Orbitals, and Electron Configuration
Unit 3 – Electron Configurations Part F: Electron Configurations II
Electron Configuration
Orbitals each sublevel is broken into orbitals
Chapter 5 Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends
Unit 3 – Electron Configurations Part F: Electron Configurations II
What things were wrong with Bohr’s atomic model?
Atomic Orbitals The energy levels of electrons are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) Each energy sublevel corresponds to an orbital of a different.
Electron Arrangement in Atoms
Electron Arrangement.
Section 2: Electron Arrangement in Atoms
Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.2 Electron Arrangement in Atoms
Atomic Orbitals and Electron Arrangement
How can you express the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations? In an atom, electrons and the nucleus interact to make the most.
Electron Configuration
Atomic Structure Orbital Diagrams.
Electron Configurations
Electron Energy Level Notes
Quantum Model of the Atom
5.1 2nd Half.
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION.
Chapter 5 Models of the Atom.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
ELECTRONS IN ATOMS.
Electron Configuration & Orbitals
Presentation transcript:

Unit 4: The Atom & the Electron Configurtation James Hutchison

The Atom & the Electron Configurtation Atomic orbitals The regions in which electrons are likely to be found Principle Quantum numbers (n) Refers to a major energy level in an atom These principle energy levels are assigned values in order of increasing energy (n=1, n=2, n=3, and so on) The principal energy levels have a specific number of sublevels The sublevels are designated by the principle energy number and s, p, d, or f Sublevels have specific numbers of orbitals The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a principle energy level is given by the formula 2n 2, where (n) is the principle quantum number. − EX. Energy level n=3: 2(3 2 ) = 2(9) = 18 electrons

The Atom & the Electron Configurtation Atomic orbitals (cont) Atomic Orbitals are denoted by the letters s, p, d & f (from inner to outer) Atomic orbital shapes: s = spherical (there is 1 orbital) p = dumbbell-shaped (there are 3 orbitals) d = clover-leaf (there are 5 orbitals, but only 4 of the 5 are this shape) f = too complicated to describe. (there are 7 orbitals) The number and kinds of atomic orbitals depends on the energy sublevel Nodes are areas where the probability of finding electrons is low

The Atom & the Electron Configurtation Atomic orbitals (cont) S→ ← d f → ←p

The Atom & the Electron Configurtation Electron Configurations The ways in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom Three rules explain how to find the electron configuration of atoms Aufbau principle – e - enter the lowest energy level first Pauli exclusion principle – an atomic orbital may hold at most 2 e -. They must have opposite spins. − A vertical arrow indicates an electron and direction of spin (↑ or ↓). Hund’s rule – when e - occupy orbitals of equal energy, one e - enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one e - with parallel spins

The Atom & the Electron Configurtation Shorthand Electron configurations: a. Involves writing the energy level and the symbol for every sublevel occupied by an electron. (EX. 1s) b. A superscript number indicates the number of electrons occupying that sublevel. (EX. 1s 1 ) Aufbau Diagram – the diagonal rule 14