Skeletal & Muscle Review. 1. Name the 4 axial skeletal bones. skull vertebral column ribs sternum.

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Presentation transcript:

Skeletal & Muscle Review

1. Name the 4 axial skeletal bones. skull vertebral column ribs sternum

2. What are the remaining bones called?  appendicular

3. What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system? Protection structure/support movement make blood cells store minerals

4. How many bones are in an adult human? 206

5. What is the approximate mass of the skeletal and muscular system? Skeletal-less than 20% Muscular more than 40%

6. Put the 3 bone layers in order from the outside to the inside & briefly describe. Periosteum-tough outer membrane with blood vessels, nerves & nutrients Compact-endures stress & absorbs impact Spongy-hard, strong tissue with open spaces (lightweight)

7. Describe the 2 types of bone marrow. Red-makes RBC’s & WBC’s Yellow-fat cells/energy reserve

What is the most important part of the bone in healing a fracture? Periosteum

9. Diagram & describe the 6 joint types. –Hinge-moves back & forth like a door (elbow & knee) –Gliding-bones slide over one another (wrist & ankle)

9. cont. –Pivot-side to side motion or twisting like motion (head & vertebrae) –Ball & socket-allows most movement (hip & shoulder) –Saddle-rotates & looks like a horses saddle (thumb) –Immovable-fixed (bones in cranium)

10. What holds bone to muscle? Tendon (Achilles tendon is heal to calf muscle)

11.What holds bone to bone? a.Ligament (ACL tibia to femur)

12.What is on the end of the bones? Cartilage

13.What is the fluid between the bones to improve movement of joints? Synovial fluid

14.What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and describe each. Cardiac-involuntary/striated/heart Smooth-involuntary/not striated/digestive & blood vessels Skeletal-voluntary/striated/biceps, Abdominis, gluteus maximus etc.

15.One muscle is made of bundles of muscle fibers. One muscle fiber is made of bundles of myofibrils. One myofibril is divided into units called sarcomeres.

16.What are the 2 types of filaments and briefly describe. Myosin protein-thick Actin protein-thin

17. What filament slides during a contraction? Actin

18.What filament does not move?  Myosin

19.Describe the pair relationship between muscles.  Flexor contracts while extensor relaxes

tibia fibula 20.

21.