Scienze e tecniche psicologiche a.a SYLLABLE STRESS

Syllables (OCD) A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, and forming all or part of a word. eg. dog =1 syllable yesterday = 3 syllables notification = 5 syllables

Stressed syllables These are syllables that are said longer, louder and at a higher pitch than the other syllables MENtal inTERnal transLATE psyCHOlogy

Importance of stress Proper word stress often MORE IMPORTANT than accent and pronunciation. DOCtor vs docTOR FRIday vs FriDAY Over vs oVER

Two Word Stress Rules 1. One word has only one main stress. 2. The stressed syllable always has a vowel.

Consequences of 2 Rules 1 word cannot have 2 stresses. if you hear 2 stresses, you hear 2 words. eg. illiterate vs. ill literate … (It is true that there can be a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)

2-syllable words – 2 different stresses LA-la (high-low) … down a step  eg. suitcase project textbook sunset doctor purple la-LA (low high) … up a step eg. destroy pretend consume project tonight decide

Identify the syllable stress nature employ Oxford higher mistake fatigue profit

la-LA-la the most common stress pattern for 3-syllable words toMORRow poTAto whatEver fiNANcial perCENtage exTERnal

Practise the stress of 3-syllable words behaviour expresses develop awareness belonging already

4-syllable word stresses There are 3 main patterns: 1. LA-la-la-la 2. la-LA-la-la 3. la-la-LA-la

1. LA-la-la-la category arbitary delicacy eligible preferable irritable memorable testimony

2. la-LA-la-la preoccupied appreciate enthusiast apologize similitude economize orthography authority

3. la-la-LA-la variation circulation explanation elementary demonstration cafeteria idiotic adolescence

Some rules for stress: 2- syllable words 1. stress on first syllable i) most 2-syllable nouns eg. PRESent, EXport, CONtract, OBject ii) most 2-syllable adjectives eg. PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy 2. stress on last syllable i) most 2-syllable verbs eg. to preSENT, to exPORT, to conTRACT, to obJECT

Rules for penultimate syllable stress (second from end) 1. Words ending in –ic eg. GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic 2. Words ending in -sion and –tion eg. memoriZAtion, reveLAtion

Rules for stress on ante- preultimate syllable (third from end) 1. Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and – gy eg. deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy 2. Words ending in –al eg. CRItical, geoLOGical

Stress rules for Compound Words 1. For compound nouns stress on the first part eg. BLACKberry, GREENhouse, OVERdose 2. For compound adjectives, stress on first part of the second part eg. bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned 3. For compound verbs, stress on the second part eg. to underSTAND, to overDOSE

Dictionary help object (n) ‘ ɐ bdz ɛ kt vs. to object (v) əb’dz ɛ kt present (n.+adj.) ‘pr ɛ z(ə)nt vs. to present (v) pr ɪ ’z ɛ nt

And now let’s do some reading practice concentrating on word stress