TRANSPORTATION -Railways -Canals -Turnpike Trusts -River Navigations -Facts

NOTES ROCKET PRESERVED IN THE SCIENCE MUSEUM IN LONDON -The earliest railways were wagon ways that where linking coal mines to nearby navigable rivers. These had wooden rails on which flanged wheels ran. In the late 1760s, cast iron plates were -laid on top of the wooden rails, providing a more durable running surface. In the 1780s, a new system was developed, the plate way where the wagons had ordinary wheels (which could run on roads) and the flange was cast on to the track. This -system proved unsatisfactory in the long term, because the cast-iron plates were liable to break, cast iron being weak under extension and brittle, and also because the track was liable to collect stones or other debris.

NOTES STEPHENSON'S VIADUCT CROSSING THE SANKEY BROOK. - The Sankey Brook Navigation or St Helens canal from the Mersey to the area which became Helens has a good claim to the title to be called first canal of the Industrial Revolution since, though - promoted as a river navigation scheme for the Sankey Brook, an entirely new channel was constructed, converting the brook into an artificial canal along the valley. This was followed by the Bridgewater Canal built on a level, by the Duke of - Bridgwater's coal mine at Worsley to the towns of Manchester and Runcorn, where it descended by ten locks to the River Mersey on the way to Liverpool. James Brindley was in charge of its construction.

NOTES THE IRON BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER SEVERN IN COALBROOKDALE. -Some rivers, such as the River Thames, River Severn, and River Trent were naturally navigable, at least in their lower reaches. The Severn was well used for transporting finished goods from Coalbrookdale o markets both up- and down-stream, and was also the site of The Iron Bridge built in 1779, one of the first reliable crossings of the river in this part of the country. - When many stone or wooden bridges were washed away in subsequent floods, the Iron Bridge survived intact, and was imitated at Buildwasby Thomas Telford as well as at Coalport where the 1818 cast iron bridge still stands and takes vehicular traffic.

NOTES TURNPIKE TRUST -In England, the roads of each parish were maintained by compulsory labor from the parishioners, six days per year. This proved inadequate -In the case of certain heavily used roads, and from the 1700s (and in a few cases slightly earlier), statutory bodies of trustees began to be - set up with power to borrow money to repair and improve roads, the loans being repaid from tolls paid by road users.

POSITIVE -Before the IR there was the lower class which consisted of most people and then there was the few people - who made up the wealthy upper class that pretty much controlled everything. As the poor people began to work in the factories, Which helped them make a lot of money. NEGATIVE -A big negative fact is an increase of environmental damage. The factories were powered by coal- the smoke from the factories turned pretty much. -Everything black in the UK. Also during this time there was a mass movement of people from the farms into the cities.