Africa Unit Overview ✤ What resources served as the basis for early African civilizations? ✤ Why did European powers show interest in Africa? ✤ How did Europeans establish power in Africa? ✤ How did Africans resist outside rule? ✤ What, specifically was South Africa’s path to freedom?

Big Picture ✤ In the last unit, we witnessed the conflict between that occurred when the Spanish and Mexica encountered one another. ✤ Our focus this unit will be the impact of many colonial powers who were seeking resources in Africa, the systems of colonial oppression established, and methods of resistance to colonial rule that finally allow for self-determination

Big Picture ✤ In SI, you will examine several early African kingdoms who created expansive trade networks early on based on natural resources ✤ You will also look at the “Scramble for Africa” - the division of the continent between European powers

Big Picture ✤ Europeans used the concept of race to justify their rule in Africa ✤ In science, we will take a closer look at the evolution of skin tone and colonial view of race

Big Picture ✤ This view of the Africans as “other” or “less than” permitted exploitation of natural resources as well as art and artifacts which you will study in AR ✤ In Lit., you will read Les Blancs where various characters exemplify different colonial attitudes and resistance methods

Big Picture ✤ In all disciplines, you will explore different forms of resistance and resistance leaders ✤ SI will draw attention to the resistance leaders that allowed South Africa to remove the oppressive apartheid regime and return to African rule

In this Class... ✤ Diversity of climate and natural resources in Africa that supported African kingdoms ✤ Implications for natural resource wealth ✤ Human origins in Africa, skin color, and evaluating the European concept of race ✤ The Green Belt Movement and resistance through action

Key Vocabulary ✤ Natural resources ✤ social, cultural, economic, and political worlds ✤ anthropology ✤ Homo sapiens ✤ melanin ✤ Vitamin D ✤ Folate/Folic Acid ✤ Spina bifida ✤ Rickets ✤ Migration ✤ race ✤ “White Man’s Burden” ✤ polygenic traits ✤ concordance

Key Vocabulary ✤ Resistance ✤ Wangari Maathai ✤ Green Belt Movement ✤ activism ✤ conservation ✤ reforestation ✤ advocacy ✤ empowerment

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Key Vocabulary ✤ immunology ✤ B cells ✤ T cells ✤ antibodies ✤ antigen ✤ inflammation ✤ fever ✤ cell-mediated immune response ✤ humoral immune response ✤ virus ✤ pathogens ✤ vector ✤ stigma