URINARY SYSTEM CHAPTER 9

Functions of the Urinary System 1. Maintains proper balance of water, salts and acids in body fluids 2. Filters the blood to remove urea and other waste materials 3. Converts waste products and excess fluids into urine

URINARY ORGANS 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One bladder 4. One urethra

KIDNEYS Filter blood to remove waste and excess water; excreted as urine Has two layers: renal cortex and medulla The renal cortex contains nephrons

NEPHRONS Form urine by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion Each nephron contains a glomerulus which filters blood entering the nephron Waste products pass through collecting tubes before entering the ureters

URETERS & URINARY BLADDER Ureters Narrow tubes about inches long that carry urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder One ureter from each kidney to the bladder Urinary Bladder Reservoir (holding tank) for urine Holds about a pint of urine (2 cups)

URETHRA Tube extending from the urinary bladder to outside of the body Urinary sphincters control flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra, and out of the urethra through the urinary meatus Urination Normal process of excreting urine from the body Micturation or voiding are other names

ORGANS INVOLVED

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES 1.Catheterization – insertion of a sterile catheter through the urethra and into the urinary bladder. Commonly done to relieve urinary retention pressure, obtain sterile specimens for testing, and prevent incontinence during surgical procedures.

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES 2.Cystoscopy – visual exam of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope 3.KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) – radiographic study of these structures without use of contrast dye.

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Urinalysis – laboratory examination of urine Urine should not contain - sugar, albumin, blood, ketones, sediment, pus, or bilirubin Urine should contain – water, urea, creatinine, salts, acids, drugs