Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept. 6700 / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 1 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Deliverable 13 Effects on particulate.

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Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 1 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Deliverable 13 Effects on particulate emissions of anticipated future engine and exhaust aftertreatment technologies complying with future emission standards

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 2 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 A draft has been published on the Particulates site Will be updated after the Lemnos meeting

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 3 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Background A first selection of results related to particle emissions, differences between generations of vehicles and engines as well as effects of aftertreatment equipment (particle traps) ”A first feeling of the data” A detailed analysis of fuel effects will be available in a separate document (deliverable 14) It was not possible to analyse how combustion parameters such as injection pressure, EGR rate, boost pressure, pre- injection and post-injection influenced the particle emissions. Little information on ”future engine technologies”  Look at previous trends, Euro I to Euro III etc. More data available on exhaust aftertreatment technology  HD: Continuous Regeneration Trap (CRT) LD: Diesel particulate filter(DPF) Based on a ”first version” of the database

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 4 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 HD, Transient cycle (ETC)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 5 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 HD, Nucleation mode, CRT Correction for losses needed

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 6 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 HD, PM

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 7 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 The total number of particles emitted (CPC Total N) for a combination of Volvo engines and fuels (D2, D5)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 8 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 The number of “non-volatile” particles for a combination of various engines, laboratories and fuels (D2, D5)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 9 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Number-based size distribution of particles emitted from four different cars (LAT)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 10 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Number-based size distribution of particles emitted from four different cars (LAT)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 11 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Particulate emissions (PM) from light-duty diesel cars over the cold NEDC cycle using fuel D2 or D5

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 12 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 The total number of particles emitted (CPC Total N) for a combination of light-duty vehicles and fuels (D2, D5)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 13 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 The active surface area measured (ASMO) for a combination of light-duty vehicles and fuels (D2, D5)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 14 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 The number of “non-volatile” particles (ELPI) for a combination of light-duty vehicles and fuels (D2, D5)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 15 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 PM emissions from cars studied at LAT Four different cars were studied: a Euro I diesel car (VW Golf), a Euro III diesel car (Renault Laguna), a Euro I gasoline car (BMW 318) and a Euro II gasoline car (Toyota Corolla). The two gasoline cars were both equipped with conventional multi-port injected engines.

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 16 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Peugeot 607 particle emissions from comparable cycles at +22  C (MTC)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 17 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Wet branch particle concentration during Artemis Motorway as measured by the CPC for D2 and D5 fuels (MTC)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 18 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Particulate mass and active surface area for heavy-duty Euro II and Euro III engines

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 19 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Correlation between particulate mass and active surface area for light-duty Euro II and Euro III cars

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 20 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 General findings Older engine technology produced higher mass emissions than newer technology Both new and old technology produced nuclei mode particles under certain operating conditions HD diesel particulate filters (CRT) removed around 95 % or more of the number of particles in the accumulation mode And more….

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 03/11/2015 / page 21 Particulates, Lemnos, 2003 Deliverable 13, how to proceed? Update the report  Aftertreatment effects might need more detailed analysis? Focus on general trends (complete driving cycles etc.) Contributions can be sent to Volvo Detailed analysis in reports from individual labs (or scientific papers to come)