Anne Margareth O.Chavez /BMC III-3 SCHRAMM’S LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1954)

BACKGROUND THE PROPONENT  Wilbur Schramm ( )  The founder of the academic field of communication  First Professor of communication

Schramm’s Communication Model Based on Shannon & Weaver’s prior mathematical model. the Fields of Experience Role of Exchangeability Feed back loops

Definition of Terms Encoding Decoding Interpreting Message Source Destination Signal Feedback

Schramm’s Model of Communication Message Encoder Interpreter Decoder Interpreter Encoder

Schramm’s Model of Communication with Feedback Message Encoder Interpreter Decoder Interpreter Encoder

Feedback “the return process in which the originator of a message also acts as the recipient of a message resulting directly from the first message” – Tannenbaum Two Sources of Feedback The message returning to the originator of the first message from the recipient (originated with Ferdinand de Saussure – 1915) People are constantly monitoring their personal communication behavior and evaluating it – what is sometimes called “self-monitoring”. * Feedback can initiate from sender or receiver.

Schramm’s Model of Communication with Feedback Message Encoder Interpreter Decoder Interpreter Encoder

Schramm’s Field of Experience Model Field of Experience SourceDestination EncoderDecoder Signal

STRENGTHS The model provides an additional perspective which is the ‘field of experience’ Included feedback, context and culture Adapted by other model designers

WEAKNESS Does not include multiple levels of communication

Why is this important? Applying Communication to Educational Communication Being able to identify noise Helping Create Overlapping fields of experiences

Schramm’s model for everyday use gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization).