NASA’s Vision for Aerospace Transportation Home & Home Meeting Chicago O’Hare / United Airlines August 29, 2000 Sam Venneri Associate Administrator for Aerospace Technology

Shifting Marketplace 56% 44% 22% 78% Civil Military U.S. Sale of Aircraft Engines and Parts average $9.0B$12.8B*$14.7B* 11% 89% * *current year dollars Sources: Aerospace Industries Association, Aerospace Facts & Figures , online Aviation & Aerospace Almanac 1999, McGraw Hill International Gas Turbine Forecast, Forecast International, 1999

Declining Market Share WORLD SHARES 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% USAEUJapanCanada Source: Commission of the European Communities, Trading Position and Figures, 1997 and AECMA for 1996 to 1998.

Growth and Constraints Indexed Value (1993=100) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Revenue Passenger Miles (RPM) Revenue Ton Miles (RTM) Demand for Transportation US Airports Exceeding 20,000 Hrs Delay Annually Number of Airports Source: FAA Aviation Forecasts, selected volumes Source: LMI, 1999

Aerospace Technology Enterprise Goals & Objectives Reduce intercity & transcontinental travel time Reduce Accident Rates Increase System Throughput Reduce Emissions Reduce Noise Revolutionizing Aviation Mobility Advancing Space Transportation Reduce Cost Reduce mission & crew loss Reduce Mission Time Pioneering Technology Innovation Technology Innovation Engineering Innovation

NASA Technology Partnerships & Relationships FAA, DoD & Industry Implement IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT EXPLORATION CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROTOTYPE FULL-SCALE DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION TECHNOLOGY READINESS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE NASA Aero-Space Technology PRODUCT Partnering Committees OPNS & TECH DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION

Hub and Spoke Congestion

Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) Safely achieve clear-weather airport capacity in instrument- weather conditions: increasing single runway throughput 12 to 15% reducing lateral spacing below 3400 feet on parallel runways Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) In alliance with the FAA, enable next generation of increases in capacity, flexibility and efficiency, while maintaining safety, of aircraft operations within the US and global airspace system: increasing terminal throughput 40% increasing enroute throughput 20% Short-Haul Civil Tilt-Rotor (SHCT) Develop the most critical technologies to enable a civil tilt-rotor: reducing perceived noise 12 dB enabling safe terminal area operations enabling OEI operation Aviation Systems Capacity Program

Accomplishments Capability that has been developed, demonstrated and in limited operation –Passive Final Approach and Spacing Tool (pFAST) –Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) –Surface Movement Advisor (SMA) –Collaborative Arrival and Spacing Tool (CAST) Capability that has been developed and demonstrated –Airborne Information for Lateral Spacing (AILS) –Advanced Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS)

5400 US Airports

Small Aircraft Transportation System

“Simultaneous Non-Interfering Operations” will enable hub & spoke airport throughput to be increased developing the infrastructure capability to use stub runways, taxiways, & vertiports instead of conventional runway under adverse weather conditions. Digital Airspace Infrastructure “Smart Landing Facilities” will provide automation-enabled separation and sequencing in non- towered, non-radar, non-hub terminal airspace. A client-server-based architecture will provide information services on an “Airborne Internet” to support collaborative air traffic management. Aircraft and landing facilities will be interconnected nodes in a high-speed digital communications network providing instant identification and information services on demand with seamless linking to the global transportation system.

Advanced Subsonic Transportation

Airframe Noise Reduction Broadband Fan Noise Reduction Propulsion/Airframe Aeroacoustics Wind Advanced Operations Jet Noise Reduction Community Noise Impact Quiet Aircraft Technology Program

Advanced High-Speed Transportation

Safer Transportation

Accident Mitigation Develops technology to increase the human survival rate in survivable accidents and to prevent in-flight fires Aviation Safety Program Synthetic Vision Provides technology to provide commercial and general aviation pilots with clear out-the-window views regardless of the actual visibility conditions Weather Accident Prevention Develops technologies to reduce the fatal accident rate induced by weather hazards System-Wide Accident Prevention Addresses aviation safety issues associated with human error and procedural non-compliance Single Aircraft Accident Prevention Develops technologies for in-flight applications with an initial emphasis on Controlled Flight Into Terrain, Loss of Control in Flight, and Runway Incursion type accidents.

Future Directions in Aviation Operations Research Expanded partnerships - airlines and airports Increased investment in support of Free Flight Phase 1, 2 and 3 –Extend automation tools into more complex airspace –New automation tools –High-assurance software Renewed investment in long-term aviation operations research –Explore new, high-capacity air traffic management architectures and supporting technologies –Develop large-scale, non-linear, human-in-the-loop research simulation capability for the U.S. airspace system

Integrated Aerospace Transportation System

Aerospace Vision and Challenges

Vehicle Systems Technology (VST): Advanced airframe and spaceframe technology concepts and methods. Information Technology (IT): Computational tools and integrated systems for the design and manufacture of flight vehicles and systems. Operation Systems (OS): Air traffic management systems; relevant cockpit system;, operational human factors; weather and hazardous environment characterization, detection, and avoidance systems; and communications, navigation, and surveillance. Propulsion and Power (P&P): Breakthrough propulsion technologies through high-risk, high-payoff R&T development and multidisciplinary air-breathing aerospace propulsion technologies. Flight Research (FR): Remotely piloted and autonomous air vehicles, advanced vehicle system concepts, transportation related technologies, and tools and test techniques. Rotorcraft (RC): Improved flight safety, reduction of noise for passengers and the community, design tools for reduced design-cycle time and reduced manufacturing costs of rotorcraft. Space Transfer and Launch Technology (STLT): Pioneers the identification, development, verification, transfer, and application of high-payoff space transportation technologies. Provides a foundation for the broad range of technologies needed for a steady influx of concepts. R&T Base Programs

High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC): Accelerates the development, application, and transfer of high performance computing capabilities and computer communication technologies to meet the engineering and science needs of the U.S. aerospace, Earth and space science, and spaceborne research and education communities and accelerates the distribution of technologies to the American public. Aviation System Capacity (ASC): Enables safe increases in the capacity of major U.S. and international airports, through enabling improvements to, and modernization of, the Air Traffic Management system, as well as the introduction of new vehicle classes whose operation can take advantage of the improved, modern Air Traffic Management system. Aviation Safety Program (AvSP): Develops and demonstrates technologies that contribute to a reduction in aviation accident and fatality rates by focusing on Accident Prevention, Aviation System Monitoring and Modeling, Accident Mitigation, and Synthetic Vision. Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET): Addresses local air quality concerns by developing technologies to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and addresses potential ozone depletion concerns by demonstrating combustor technologies to enable no discernible aircraft impact on the ozone layer during cruise operation. Aero Focused Programs

Total US Air Traffic Delays ( ) Total System Delays per month (thousands) SOURCE: FAA OPSNET ATC-200