The Roman Empire This Packet Belongs to ____________________________________

Is America An Empire? Read the article and answer the following questions: 1. How does America dominate the world militarily, economically, and culturally? 2.What examples of empires are discussed in the article? 3.What would be the positives to American imperialism? 4.What is America’s history of spreading democracy around the world according to the article? 5.Explain the political cartoon on page What was President Bush’s opinion about America being an empire? 7.What is your opinion? Is America an Empire? Should we be an Empire? Explain your answer

Roman Expansion Rome in 509 B.C. (purple) Rome in 264 B.C. (orange)

Roman Expansion 146 B.C.

Roman Expansion 44 B.C.

Roman Expansion 117 A.D.

The Roman Empire Augustus Caesar established the Roman Empire by instituting Civil Service Rule by Law Common Coinage Secure travel and trade throughout the empire

The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” Lasted approx 200 years Expansion and solidification of the Roman Empire particularly in the Near East

The Pax Romana Economic Impact Established uniform system of money which helped to expand trade Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman Roads Promoted prosperity and stability Social Impact Returned stability to social classes Increased emphasis on the family Political Impact Created a civil service Developed a uniform rule of law

Review Questions How did Rome treat the people that they conquered? What did they require of conquered peoples? Can you think of any group that would have objected to these requirements?

Rise of Christianity I.Rome vs. Jews Jewish religion did not allow for honoring other gods (10 Commandments) Jews revolted against the Romans Romans viewed Jews as rebels Roman province of Judea

Rise of Christianity II. Birth of Jesus Jesus born approx. 4 B.C. Began to preach at age of 30 Word spread that he performed miracles of healing Romans regarded him as a troublemaker and executed him by crucifixion

Rise of Christianity III.Basic Beliefs/Traditions Rooted in Jewish faith Led by Jesus of Nazareth Jesus claimed that he was the son of God and the messiah that Jewish prophets had predicted. Preached that those who believed his claim would be granted salvation in the afterlife. Preached forgiveness. Belief that Jesus was the Son of God and the incarnation of God

Rise of Christianity Beliefs and Traditions Continued Monotheistic Life after death New Testament contains accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus as well as writings of early Christians Church doctrine was established by early church councils.

Rise of Christianity IV. Spread of Christianity: Followers start as small sect calling themselves “Christians” Carried by Apostles including Paul Apostle Paul is most responsible for the spread of Christianity after death of Jesus Death of martyrs impresses others Popularity of the message. Very attractive to poor and oppressed: Message of hope

Rise of Christianity V.Acceptance in Rome Empire tried to suppress the spread of Christianity Emperor Constantine issued Edict of Milan: Gave Romans religious freedom Emperor Theodosius: made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire Christians were forced to worship in secret. This involved burying their dead in underground catacombs (seen above )

Impact of Christianity Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal Later became the official state religion The Church became the source of moral authority. Loyalty to the Church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor The Church became the unifying force of Western Europe

Bell Activity 3/19 SOL REVIEW!!! 1.) What was the Chinese belief in the divine right to rule? 2.) What were the four river valley civilizations? 3.) Who had Athens rebuilt after it’s destruction in the Persian Wars? 4.) Which civilization developed hieroglyphics? 5.) Which civilization developed cuneiform and the first wheeled vehicles Today’s SOL: WHI.6 Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to- List basic beliefs of Christianity Explain the spread of Christianity Compare Christianity with Judaism

Review Questions 3/19 1.) Who was the founder of Christianity? 2.) Who is MOST responsible for the spread of Christianity after the death of the founder? 3.) Christians believe that Jesus is the ____ of God and the ______ of God. 4.) Name one shared belief of Christians and Jews.

Bell Activity 10/15/2012 Today’s SOL: WHI.6 1.) Who was the founder of Christianity? 2.) Who spread Christianity after the death of the founder? 3.) Christianity began in which province of the Roman Empire? 4.) What was the 200 year period of peace and prosperity in Rome? 5.) Map Review!!!! Today’s Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to: -List basic beliefs of Christianity -Compare Christianity with Judaism -List accomplishments of the Romans

Bell Activity 3/21 1.) Which emperor issued the Edict of Milan? 2.) Which emperor made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire? 3.) What issue was decided at the Council of Nicea? 4.) In architecture, Romans perfected the ___ and _____. 5.) Map Review!!!! Today’s SOL: WHI.6 Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to- List accomplishments of Rome List reasons for Rome’s decline

Bell Activity 3/22/ ) What language did the Roman use? 2.) What allowed the Romans to live away from sources of water? 3.) What is the building to the right called? 4.) What is considered Rome’s most significant contribution?

Bell Activity 3/22/2012 Today’s SOL: WHI.6 Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to- List accomplishments of the Romans List reasons for Rome’s Decline

Decline of the Roman Empire Causes: Geographic size-difficulty of defense and administration Economy-the cost of defense and devaluation of Roman currency Military-Army membership starting to include non- Romans, resulting in decline of discipline Moral Decay-People’s loss of faith in Rome and the family Political Problems-Civil conflict and weak administration Invasion-Attacks on the borders

Decline of the Roman Empire Division of Roman Empire Move of capital by Constantine from Rome to Byzantium renaming it Constantinople Survival of Western Roman Empire until 476 A.D. (C.E.) when it ceased to have a Roman Emperor Eastern Roman Empire lives on-called the Byzantine Empire

The Long Decline….. Diocletian Split the empire into 2 parts. Appointed co- emperor Increased prestige of the emperor Fixed prices to stop inflation

The Long Decline…. Constantine Moved the capital to the Greek city of Byzantium due to Rome’s vulnerability Renamed the city Constantinople Power of the Empire moves to the East Constantinople

The Long Decline…. Results: Attempts were enough to keep the empire together for another hundred years or so but could not stop the long term decline. The “Fall of Rome:” Finally in 476 A.D. the city of Rome was conquered by the Vandals under the leadership of Odoacer. This is usually considered the “Fall” of Rome. Actually, only the western half “fell” in 476. The eastern portion continues on known as the Byzantine Empire

Bell Activity 3/23 1.) Who theorized that the Earth was the center of the universe? 2.) In what city would I find the Pantheon? 3.) What were the underground burial areas used by early Christians? 4.) Map Review Today’s SOL: WHI.6 Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to- List Roman Accomplishments List reasons for Rome’s decline