Gordon’s Personal View of The Early Days of Digital… DECWorld, 16 June 2001 Gordon Bell

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Presentation transcript:

Gordon’s Personal View of The Early Days of Digital… DECWorld, 16 June 2001 Gordon Bell

Whirlwind c1953 … 1st generation, 16-bit word; 4 KB memory; 8 K drum Whirlwind begot TX-O/TX-2 begot DEC PDP-1 Real time, first compiler, ECAD, text editor

Whirlwind console, drum, 1 Kw core

SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Operator Console

SAGE Control Room c Whirlwind used for first experiments.

Ron Smart at Deuce Console 1955 Made by English Electric U. of NSW

TX-0 Console c1959… one of the first transistorized personal computers Speech, handwriting recognition, neuro data analysis, etc. Interactive editors, debuggers, etc.

MIT Speech group with TX-0, c1959.

DEC Computer before PDP

DEC PDP-1 c1961

DEC PDP-1 c1961 Being tested Building ?

PDP-1 Production Line c 1962

Livermore Labs machine: they bought one of everything in our virtual catalog

Wes Clark & LINC c1962: Personal computers for bio-medical research

PDP-4

PDP-5 c1964: PDP-8 predecessor Process control, real time experiments. Fortran ran in 4 K, 12 bit words

PDP- 5: as pulse height analyzer

PDP-8 Modules

PDP-8: first mini First OEM computer. OS/8 (from timesharing) begot RT-11 begot CPM

Gbell as old man, with LINC and PDP-8 c1965

PDP-8/E

PDP-8 and Linc Family Tree

PDP-8 12 bit word price (t)

Timesharing: giving everyone their own, low cost, personal computer

PDP-6 with GB at the console

PDP-6 c1965 : First commercial time shared computer. Gbell & Alan Kotok

PDP-6 team

Gordon’s Packaging Folly: double sided connectors for PDP-6

PDP-6/10/ DECsystem 10/20 family tree

Minis and timesharing contributions Editors, calculators, interactive debuggers, interpreters, including mail and chat from timesharing Minis established embedded computers, importance of I/O to interconnect anything SpaceWar demonstrated interactive graphics and settled lots of later law suits OEM Distribution and marketing model… Harlan Anderson, after Tecumseh SCO’s all-in-one module and computer handbooks…

Why didn’t Digital lead personal computers? That’s another story…

There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olsen President, Chairman and founder of Digital, 1977

Equating yourself to the average “user/buyer” is risky... unless you’re an average user like me. G. Bell

Jack Smith head of Final Assembly and Test Plant, Westminster, MA c1977

Stories Pdp 6 console with kho, harris hyman, dit morse, alan kotok, peter sampson,