SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND MOBILITY Mara Manente CISET - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice CONFERENZA INTERNAZIONALE SUL TURISMO SOSTENIBILE Rimini-Palacongressi 28/30 Giugno 2001 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND MOBILITY Rimini, June 29, 2001

DESTINATION: FROM ‘SPACE OF PLACES’ TO ‘SPACE OF FLOWS’ DESTINATION Workers VIRTUAL MOBILITY SPATIAL MOBILITY Excursionists Business tourists Students Leisure tourists Shoppers Information Investments Ideas Culture Identity Knowledge

MANAGING THE DESTINATION AS ‘SPACE OF FLOWS’: MAIN GOALS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Holding/improving competitiveness Enlarging/ differentiating the economic base Balancing different functions Ensuring residents’ quality of life Ensuring other users’ quality of experience THE ROLE OF TOURISM AND TRANSPORT: HOW TO COMBINE ‘UNCONNECTED’ STRATEGIES?

TOURISM STRATEGIES Promotion of off-season events Alternative city routes Site management THE TOURISM SIDE………. DESTINATION MANAGEMENT VISITOR MANAGEMENT Distribution of visitor flows in space and time Organisation of ‘compulsory’ itineraries Exploitation of less known attractions

TRANSPORT STRATEGIES Restricting access to the city centre (by car, coach, etc.) Integrating public transport fares and services DESTINATION MANAGEMENT THE TRANSPORT SIDE………. Diversification of transport services Optimisation of local transport network Reduction of congestion peaks TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT STRATEGIES VISITOR MANAGEMENT Restricting access to the city centre (by car, coach, etc.) Integrating public transport fares and services Distribution of visitor flows in space and time Organisation of ‘compulsory’ itineraries Exploitation of less known attractions TOURISM STRATEGIESTRANSPORT MANAGEMENT Promotion of off-season events Alternative city routes Site management Diversification of transport services Optimisation of local transport network Reduction of congestion peaks Reorganising spatial behaviour Matching users’ competing needs Improving quality of life and quality of visit Reducing pollution and noise TOURISM AND TRANSPORT : A DOUBLE-SIDED COIN

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS è To formulate a set of strategies for visitor flow and mobility management that can be transferred to other destinations sharing the same problems è To discuss common and specific problems faced by a group of destinations, in relation to tourism mobility patterns and city functions è For each problem, to identify the range of solutions already adopted or those being implemented in the near future

DESTINATIONS’ PROFILE: MAIN CLUSTERS TOURISM CITIES/REGIONS METROPOLIS, CAPITAL CITIES MULTI-FUNCTION NODES AMSTERDAM PARIS ROME BARCELONA GLASGOW JERUSALEM TOLEDO CANTERBURY ALPINE REGION RIMINI Urban and economic profile AMSTERDAM PARIS ROME BARCELONA GLASGOW JERUSALEM TOLEDO CANTERBURY ALPINE REGION RIMINI Tourism and mobility profile

MANAGING ACCESSIBILITY AND TOURISM MOBILITY Problems ranked as ‘very high’ New/recent problems (no solutions yet) *Lack of standard Information Systems to collect, elaborate and disseminate trasport and tourism data to forecast, inform and manage visitor flows ‘Structural’ and recurrent problems (solutions adopted, but results still to come) *Systematic mobility peaks *Traffic congestion caused by private cars (incoming flows) *Impact of excursionism *Pollution/noise *Concentration of visitor flows towards few tourist attractions *Overcrowded city routes

MANAGING ACCESSIBILITY AND TOURISM MOBILITY Problems ranked as ‘low’ *Traffic congestion caused by private cars (transit flows) *Traffic congestion caused by pedestrian flows Specific problems (met only by some cities) *Difficult long-haul accessibility (inadequate air and road connections) *Concentration of accommodation and tourist facilities in the same area *Inefficient public transport system (e.g. low frequency of services, etc.) *Traffic congestion caused by tourist coaches Problems already faced by some cities

MANAGING ACCESSIBILITY AND TOURISM MOBILITY In the middle …..…... *Inadequate parking facilities *Insufficient integration of transport supply (services, ticketing and fares, etc.) *Significant seasonal variation of tourist flows Problems with solution(s) just planned/adopted (effectiveness to be checked) * Difficult modal switching * Negative impact of transport infrastructure on urban environment * Impact of events, exhibitions, meetings ‘Second-level’ problems (others more urgent) Decision-making problems (solutions depend on actors) *Weak role of the City Council in tourism and transport planning *Imbalance between public and private sector *Many players with low co-ordination of actions

FROM SOLUTIONS TO STANDARD STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS 1. CAR-FREE CITIES 2. TOURIST COACH MANAGEMENT 3. LONG-HAUL ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT 4. FLEXIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT SERVICES 5. TOURISM DEMAND MANAGEMENT 6. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Many actions for each strategy One action for many strategies Transferability? Implementation level?

STRATEGY 1. CAR-FREE CITIES Metropolitan areas Seasonal destinations Historic cities etc. Transferability: Implemented project Tested project with further enhancements Project with different implementation level

STRATEGY 5. TOURISM DEMAND MANAGEMENT Historic cities Seasonal destinations Pilgrimage destinations Cities hosting hallmark events Cities looking for a new urban identity etc. Transferability: Successfully implemented project Some solutions adopted, some planned Successfully implemented project Some solutions adopted, some planned

STRATEGY 6. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Metropolitan areas Seasonal destinations Historic cities International destinations Cities hosting great events etc. Transferability: Successfully implemented project Successfully implemented project Some solutions adopted, some planned

SUMMARISING ………. Ü the transfer process basically concerns general policies and ideas that have to be adapted to each destination through an ad-hoc set of actions Ü a small number of tourism and mobility problems have effectively been solved, while most of them still wait for an answer or measures have just been planned Ü among those for which at least a solution has been proposed, planned or recently adopted, its effectiveness has still to be checked Ü an effective solution derives from a combination of co-ordinated solutions