OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Krueger, AJ, “Sighting of El Chichon Sulfur Dioxide Clouds with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer”, Science, 1983. 2006:

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Presentation transcript:

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Krueger, AJ, “Sighting of El Chichon Sulfur Dioxide Clouds with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer”, Science, : Aura – “Top 10 discoveries” OMI monitors smelter SO 2 emissions Carn, S. A., et al, “Sulfur dioxide emissions from Peruvian copper smelters detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Geophys. Res. Lett”, 2007 ~100 times improved sensitivity Ilo copper smelter La Oroya copper smelter Ecuador/S. Colombia volcanoes 1983: Volcanic SO2 was first discovered in TOMS ozone data SO2: current and future algorithms

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 OMI BRD (pair) SO 2 algorithm is used for anthropogenic sources An OMI SO 2 Band Residual Difference ( BRD) algorithm [Krotkov et al 2006] uses calibrated residuals at SO 2 absorption band centers produced by the NASA operational ozone algorithm (OMTO3) [Bhartia and Wellemeyer 2002]

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 OMI SO 2 volcanic algorithms BRD algorithm fails with SO 2 amounts >10 DU (ie. volcanic eruptions) Linear Fit (LF) algorithm developed for eruption amounts up to ~100 DU [Yang et al 2007 ] Cloud noise corrected by using OMI Rotational Raman cloud heights High volcanic amounts (~1000 DU) retrieved with off- line Iterative Spectral Fit (ISF) algorithm SO 2 plume height estimated with ISF [ Kai Yang – next presentation] - IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Operational data: OMSO2 v1.1.1 Public OMSO2 algorithm uses V8.5 TOMS ozone and OMCLDRR data Four SO 2 retrievals based on a-priori SO 2 vertical profiles or center of mass altitude [CMA]: –Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL): CMA = 0.9 km –Lower tropospheric column (TRL): CMA = 2.5 km –Mid-tropospheric column (TRM): CMA = 7.5 km –UTLS column (STL): CMA = 17 km PBL data processed with BRD algorithm [Krotkov et al 2006] and require off-line AMF correction [ Krotkov et al 2008] Volcanic data (TRL, TRM and STL) are processed with LF algorithm [Yang et al 2007]. User should interpolate the 3 operational values assuming plume height or CMA

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 AURA’s Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) can detect smaller amounts of SO 2 at higher spatial resolution than any previous satellite instrument Designed by B. Schoeberl Anatahan Volcano Soufriere Hills Volcano Sierra Negra Volcano Ambrum Volcano Nyiragongo Volcano, DR Congo Coal Power Plants, South Africa Norilsk Nickel Smelter Coal Power Plants, China Oil Refineries OMI allows us to compare man- made SO 2 emissions with natural sources (volcanoes) Next talk revising volcanic emissions

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Long-term SO 2 burdens over USA, Europe and China East-Aire’05 experiment 25.5 million tons of SO2 was emitted by Chinese factories in 2005 up 27% from 2000

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Quick look public SO 2 images NOAA NESDIS NRT web site (George Serafino, Gilberto Vincente) BIRA/ISB support for aviation control service (SACS) NRT web site (Joss van Geffen) UMBC web site (Simon Carn, Arlin Krueger, Keith Evans ) definitive data for off-line analyses –eruption tonnages –composite SO 2 cloud images –composite ash cloud images

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 NOAA/NESDIS NRT Volcanic Website

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Latest OMI SO 2 Volcano, Hawaiian subset

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 UMBC Archival daily Images of SO2

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Enhanced SO2 detected in Feb

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Less SO2 seen in May: evidence of reduced emissions before Olympics ?

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Depth of Accumulated Snow, 01/29/08, 00 UTC, From CMA, cm This is MODIS region shown in next slides: Snow boundary Unusual snow accumulation in Jan-Feb 2008

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 What are effects of snow, aerosols and clouds on OMI SO2 retrievals ?

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 MODIS channels 721 composite White – thick clouds; Blue - snow, no clouds Purple – no clouds, no snow Dark green – open water Snow boundary Thick cloud boundary

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Snow boundary Thick cloud boundary MODIS provides qualitative evidence of enhanced SO2 signal over snow MODIS provides qualitative evidence of SO2 screening by clouds

OMI ST, June 26, Noise ~1.5DU for ideal conditions (near nadir view, no clouds). Only plumes from strong anthropogenic sources of SO2 (such as smelters and coal burning power plants) and from strong regional pollution can be detected in pixel data. - Operational SO2 data need off-line AMF correction for total ozone, SO2 profile, viewing geometry, clouds and aerosol effects [Krotkov et al 2008] – JGR Aura validation issue OMI SO 2 burdens need cloud, aerosol and SO 2 profile correction !! Daily anthropogenic PBL data over China

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 SO 2 Validation SO2 Aerosol -AVDC - overpass data sets for ~100 power plants and Brewer locations; Need improvements in operational Brewer algorithm -New DOAS mini-spectrometers (PANDORA near pollution sources – Jay Herman & A. Cede, NOVAC near volcanoes– Bo Galle & S. Carn) -SO 2 balloon (UMCP- R. Dickerson and UMCP student project; Gary Morris ) -In-situ aircraft (EAST-AIRE- China2005; TC4 South America 2007; China 2008) OMI SO 2

OMI ST, June 26, 2008 Future enhancements: New Spectral Fit algorithm and volcanic SO2 height estimates (Kai Yang’ talk) Using mean SO 2 profile shapes from CTM model for anthropogenic data Better aerosol and cloud correction using A- train data and improvements based on comparison with models and measurements. algorithm improvements to account for changes in instrument performance Transition to future instruments