Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 SWE 466 Software Project Management Chap 1 Dr. Mohammod Shamim Hossain Office: 2115 Tel: (1)

What is project? A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result” (PMBOK® Guide, Fourth Edition, 2008, p. 5) A technician replaces ten laptops for a small department A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software application for the finance department A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access across the whole campus A cross-functional task force in a company decides what Voice-over-Internet- Protocol (VoIP) system to purchase and how it will be implemented Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 4662

Project Attribute Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 A project: Has a unique purpose Is temporary Is developed using progressive elaboration Requires resources, often from various areas Should have a primary customer or sponsor The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project Involves uncertainty 3

Advantages of Using Formal Project Management Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 Better control of financial, physical, and human resources Improved customer relations Shorter development times Lower costs Higher quality and increased reliability Higher profit margins Improved productivity Better internal coordination Higher worker morale 4

Project Management Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements” (PMBOK® Guide, Fourth Edition, 2008, p. 6) Project Management is the planning, scheduling and controlling of project activities to achieve project objectives. Project managers strive to meet the triple constraint by balancing project scope, time, and cost goals 5

The Triple Constraint of Project Management Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 4666

The Challenge of Software Project Management Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 Software is extremely flexible and changes can easily get out of hand. This makes software significantly different from the subject of other engineering fields. What we need is two-folds: a person that understand both software engineering principles and project management principles. In the industry, many software PMs go up the rank by experience with only technical background, and without proper PM knowledge. The opposite is also fatal (a PM expert with no knowledge of software engineering). Things seem to be changing for the better 7

Dr. M. Shamim Hossain Why do we study SPM? In mid 90’s, some key studies were performed about software development (Defense Science Board ’94, Standish Group ’95, Jones ’96). They all reached the same general conclusions: Software Development is highly unpredictable; Only 10% of projects are delivered within initial budget and schedule. Management has greater effect in success or failure than technology advances. Too much software scrap and rework: process is immature. Yourdan reports that 25% of large projects never finish and the average MIS project is one year late and 100% over budget. SWE 4668

Dr. M. Shamim Hossain Standish Group SWE 466 Project is: cancelled before completion 31%23%19% 100% late12%2.5%- overrun cost (total)B$59B$22- successful16.2%28%35% Improving-money wasted$140$53 Good news: it’s improving. Bad news: it’s still bad! 1995 vs vs

Why improvements? The reasons for the increase in successful projects vary. First, the average cost of a project has been more than cut in half. Better tools have been created to monitor and control progress and better skilled project managers with better management processes are being used. The fact that there are processes is significant in itself Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46610

Project Success Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 There are several ways to define project success: The project met scope, time, and cost goals The project satisfied the customer/sponsor The results of the project met its main objective, such as making or saving a certain amount of money, providing a good return on investment, or simply making the sponsors happy 11

What Helps Projects Succeed? Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE Executive support 2. User involvement 3. Experienced project manager 4. Clear business objectives 5. Minimized scope 6. Standard software infrastructure 7. Firm basic requirements 8. Formal methodology 9. Reliable estimates 10. Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership 12

Recent studies Recent research findings show that companies that excel in project delivery capability: Use an integrated project management toolbox (use standard/advanced PM tools, lots of templates) Grow project leaders, emphasizing business and soft skills Develop a streamlined project delivery process Measure project health using metrics, like customer satisfaction or return on investment Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46613

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE Goal of Project Management To finish the project: on budget on time feature-complete with high quality Project Management is the planning, scheduling and controlling of project activities to achieve project objectives. Suggested readings: The Mythical Man Month. Death March: The Complete Software Developer's Guide to Surviving "Mission Impossible" Projects. SCOPE COST TIME Dilemma

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE On Budget Software projects being over budget is a major problem (we saw the numbers). Project Management helps us estimate the budget needed to complete a project before it starts monitor the progress and, at any given time, find out how much a project has cost and how much more it will cost until completion.

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE On Time Software projects are often delayed (as we saw). Project Management helps us: estimate the time needed to complete a project before it starts monitor the progress and find out how much time remains to completion.

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE Scope Software delivered at the end must provide all the features specified in its requirements (feature complete). Project Management helps us: estimate what features can be developed in the given time and cost frame monitor the progress and find out what features have been completed, and which ones will be completed before the end of the project: enables manager to re-negotiation features

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE Quality Software users are among the worst- treated customers in engineering! It is taken for granted that software has bugs, crashes from time to time, doesn’t work occasionally, is too complicated to install and to use, and yet we don’t complain much. Quality is a “given” part of scope: features that are complete must be of high quality.

Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE On Budget Software projects being over budget is a major problem (we saw the numbers). Project Management helps us estimate the budget needed to complete a project before it starts monitor the progress and, at any given time, find out how much a project has cost and how much more it will cost until completion.

Project Management Framework Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46620

Project Stakeholders Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities Stakeholders include: The project sponsor The project manager The project team Support staff Customers Users Suppliers Opponents to the project 21

SPM Knowledge areas Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop 4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives (scope, time, cost, and quality) 4 facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achieved (human resources, communication, risk, and procurement management 1 knowledge area (project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas All knowledge areas are important! 22

Project management tools and techniques Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management Some specific ones include: Project charter, scope statement, and WBS (scope) Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis, critical chain scheduling (time) Cost estimates and earned value management (cost) Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46623

Tools and Techniques (cont.) “Super tools” are those tools that have high use and high potential for improving project success, such as: Software for task scheduling (such as project management software) Scope statements Requirements analyses Lessons-learned reports Tools already extensively used that have been found to improve project importance include: Progress reports Kick-off meetings Gantt charts Change requests Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46624

Suggested Skills for Project Managers Project managers work with project sponsors, the project team, and other people involved in a project to meet project goals Project managers need a wide variety of skills, they should : Be comfortable with change Understand the organizations they work in and with Be able to lead teams to accomplish project goals The Project Management Body of Knowledge Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations Project environment knowledge General management knowledge and skills Soft skills or human relations skills Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46625

Ten Most Important Skills and Competencies for Project Managers Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE People skills 2. Leadership 3. Listening 4. Integrity, ethical behavior, consistent 5. Strong at building trust 6. Verbal communication 7. Strong at building teams 8. Conflict resolution, conflict management 9. Critical thinking, problem solving 10. Understands, balances priorities

The Role of the Project Manager and Project Management as Profession Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE Job descriptions vary, but most include responsibilities like planning, scheduling, coordinating, and working with people to achieve project goals The profession of project management is growing at a very rapid pace It is helpful to understand the history of the field, the role of professional societies like the Project Management Institute, and the growth in project management software

Project Management Software There are hundreds of different products to assist in performing project management Three main categories of tools: Low-end tools: handle single or smaller projects well, cost under $200 per user Midrange tools: handle multiple projects and users, cost $ per user, Project 2007 most popular High-end tools: also called enterprise project management software, often licensed on a per-user basis, like VPMi Enterprise Online ( – see front cover for trial version information See the Project Management Center Web site or Top Ten Reviews for links to many companies that provide project management software Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46628

Gantt Chart Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE

Sample Network Diagram in Microsoft Project Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE

Project Health Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE

Summary A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor Project managers play a key role in helping projects and organizations succeed Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 46632

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