Defining Disability in an Age of Enhancement James J. Hughes Ph.D. Public Policy Studies Trinity College Union College – May.

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Presentation transcript:

Defining Disability in an Age of Enhancement James J. Hughes Ph.D. Public Policy Studies Trinity College Union College – May 22, 2010

What is Ability/Disability? Medical Model of Disability: there is an objective standard of disease/disability, health/ability (and enhancement) Social Model of Disability: disability is created by how society treats varying levels of health and ability

Human Enhancement Therapy/ Enhancement Enablement Some therapies already enhance Baseline is shifting Social construction of normal, healthy, able

Therapeutic HETs Under therapeutic model the sick and disabled will be first to receive HETs

Physical Ability Prosthetics & Oscar Pistorius Doping & gene doping Tissue engineering & stem cells Declining senior disability and changing expectations of the elderly

Skeleto-Muscular Therapies Growth factor and follistatin genes inserted into muscle tissue increased muscle mass without exercise, and more with exercise. A possible therapy for muscle wasting conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Health & Longevity Therapies that slow aging will be therapies for aging- related diseases. Obesity Diabetes Hypertension Heart disease Depression Immune weakness Cancer 74 yr-old Tsumu Tosuka

Cochlear & Auditory Implants Bluetoothed implants will permit implants to work with phones and MP3 players

Artificial Eyes Today dots of light Tomorrow infrared and ultraviolet

Artificial Limbs Artificial limbs could already be stronger than organic ones bebionic fully articulating myo- electric prosthetic hand from RSLSteeper

Cognitive Ability Therapies for developmental delay, brain damage and dementia ADHD and stimulants Flynn Effect

Mental Health & Mood Diagnosis creep or increasing pathology SSRIs Increasing openness but declining tolerance of untreated mental illness

Humans 1.0 Are All Disabled In the future we will all be “disabled” in relation to the enhanced standard Question will be how widespread access is to HETs

Victory of the Social Model? HETs will gradually erode a medical model of disability Ability will be defined by our access to technological enablement Convergence of medicalization and social model Unenhanced subject to: Prejudice & stigma Structural barriers

Literacy Not required a hundred years ago Expected today Employment barriers Stigma Medicalization

Infertility Are the infertile disabled or sick? Infertility always a problem Now that there are fertility treatments they have organized for access

Capabilities Approach Sen-Nussbaum No naturalistic fallacy or status quo bias More capabilities are better Capabilities determined by social and tech enablement