Enabling Technologies (Chapter 1)  Understand the technology and importance of:  Virtualization  Cloud Computing  WAN Acceleration  Deep Packet Inspection  Media - fiber & copper cabling

Protocols A protocol is a set of rules for communicating between computers. Why are they needed? – Who goes first? – Are you ready? – I got your message – There are errors

Compression; No Impact on Speed Internet The use of sophisticated algorithms (mathematical formulas) to shrink the amount of data sent over networks or stored on computers. How does compression make networks more efficient? Examples of applications that use compression?

Multiplexing Multiplexing makes networks more efficient by combining multiple streams of data onto a single medium What are examples? Why is this important? How is multiplexing different than compression?

Server Virtualization Server virtualization single servers with functions and features of multiple servers Within each physical server, each application is a “virtual machine” Virtualization software within the server manages traffic into and out of the host server allocates the server’s resources including memory, computing and hard drive capacity to applications

Virtualized Servers With Operating Systems VM OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Apps OS Physical servers Virtual machine operating systems Virtual machines

Cloud Computing Computing, storage, applications and parts or all of data centers at a provider’s site Cloud computing enablers – High capacity networks – Virtualization Service provider’s data center accessed via the Internet

Rationale for Cloud Computing For enterprises savings on: – Cooling – Space – Testing new applications – IT staffing – Application development Enterprise reluctance Consumer caution

WAN Acceleration and Optimization Wide Area Network (WAN) Acceleration makes networks more efficient by: – Overcoming delays caused by “chatty” protocols – Using compression Enterprises, hospitals and universities use WAN acceleration: – Between their sites – To improve response times in their networks

WAN Acceleration Overview

Deep Packet Inspection Carrier Network DPI switch At carrier data center Landline Customer Mobile customer Track messages Monitor and manage congestion Calculate bits transmitted monthly Block access to sites Slow down certain traffic Give priority to other traffic

What are my choices? What are the criteria for selection? Implication of choices Media

Copper Cable Cross Section of Category 6 Cabling

Fiber Applications and Characteristics Characteristics – Capacity – Electrical immunity – Security – Durability – Size – Weight – Flexibility – Material & labor costs Applications – Backbones – Submarine cabling – Riser cabling between floors – Connections between buildings in a campus

Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI) Layer 1: Physical Layer – Media type (copper, fiber, etc.); Repeaters, amplifiers Layer 2: Data Link Layer – Frames; MAC addresses; Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM Layer 3: Network Layer – Routing/Addressing; Packets; TCP/IP Layer 4: Transport Layer – Content switching; TCP, UDP; Voice, data, video priority; Filter content Layer 5: Session Layer – H.323 voice/video sessions; encryption Layer 6: Presentation Layer – Format for presentation to screen; HTML Layer 7: Application Layer – File services, print services: HTTP

Summary Why are the following important: – Virtualization – Cloud computing – Compression and multiplexing – WAN acceleration & optimization – Deep Packet Inspection How do fiber cabling and unshieldedtwisted pair differ from each other? – Where are they each used?