I. Waves & Particles Electrons in Atoms. A. Waves  Wavelength ( ) - length of 1 complete wave  Frequency ( ) - # of waves that pass a point during a.

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Presentation transcript:

I. Waves & Particles Electrons in Atoms

A. Waves  Wavelength ( ) - length of 1 complete wave  Frequency ( ) - # of waves that pass a point during a certain time period  hertz (Hz) = 1/s zAmplitude (A) - distance from the origin to the trough or crest

A. Waves A greater amplitude (intensity) greater frequency (color) crest origin trough A

B. EM Spectrum LOWENERGYLOWENERGY HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY

HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY ROYG.BIV redorangeyellowgreenblueindigoviolet

B. EM Spectrum zFrequency & wavelength are inversely proportional c = c:speed of light (3.00 x 10 8 m/s) : wavelength (m, nm, etc.) : frequency (Hz)

B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: = ? = 434 nm = 4.34 x m c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s WORK : = c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s 4.34x m = 6.91 x Hz zEX: Find the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 434 nm.

B. EM Spectrum zEnergy and frequency are directly related E = h E: Energy (joules, j) h:Planck’s constant(6.626 x m 2 kg/s) : frequency (Hz)

B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: E = ? h = x m 2 kg/s = 6.38 x Hz WORK : E = h E = x m 2 kg/s x 6.38 x Hz E = 4.23 x J zEX: Find the energy of a photon with a frequency of 6.38 x Hz.

B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: E = ? h = x m 2 kg/s = ? C= 3.00x10 8 m/s = 4.6 nm = 4.6 x m WORK : = C/ =(3.00x10 8 m/s)/ (4.6x10 -9 m) =1.4 x /s E=h E= x m 2 kg/s x 1.4 x /s E = 9.3 x j zEX: Find the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 4.6 nm.

C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) yObserved - emission of light from hot objects yConcluded - energy is emitted in small, specific amounts (quanta) yQuantum - minimum amount of energy to change

C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) vs. Newtonian TheoryQuantum Theory

C. Quantum Theory  Einstein (1905) yObserved - photoelectric effect

C. Quantum Theory zEinstein (1905) yConcluded - light has properties of both waves and particles “wave-particle duality” yPhoton - particle of light that carries a quantum of energy