CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)

CB during Blinks (O’Regan, Deubel & Clark & Rensink, 2000)

Flicker –Rensink, O’Regan & Clark,1997; 1999 Eye saccades –Currie, McConkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995; McConkie & Currie, 1996 Blinks –O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999 Film cuts, real life –Levin & Simons, 1997 “Mudsplashes” –O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999) Change Blindness

CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

detailed internal representation

sparse ???

Why do we think we see “everything”? Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) visual “solipsism” vividness through transients

Why we think we see everything Refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) –seeing is having access

Yarbus, 1978

Why do we think we see “everything”? Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) visual “solipsism” vividness through transients

de “voir” l’illusion de Visual solipsism

Simons & Chabris, 2000

Haines, Ames Res. Center, NASA

Probability of Change Detection O’Regan, Deubel, Clark & Rensink, 2000 Central Marginal

“Post-attentive vision” J. M. Wolfe, N. Klempen, and K. Dahlen (in press) Repeated Search

80 ms mask 30 ms mask 30 ms Visual search has no memory T. Horowitz & J.M. Wolfe (Nature, 1998)

“Inattentional Blindness” A. Mack & I. Rock (1998) Normal trials Critical trial time 1.5 s 200 ms

Why do we think we see “everything”? Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) visual “solipsism” vividness through transients

Visual Transients Attract attention to change location Impression of continuous presence

motion orientation color xxxx yyyy MODULES INFORMATION AVAILABLE: Ron Bag Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda

select Ron Soda Foot INFORMATION AVAILABLE: INFORMATION ENCODED: Ron Bag Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda BAG CODED? Bag

motion orientation color xxxx yyyy TRANSIENTS IN MODULES.... INFORMATION AVAILABLE: BAG DISAPPEARS! Ron Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda

Ron Soda Foot compare AFTER CHANGE INFORMATION AVAILABLE: (previously stored) Ron Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda Bag

Detecting changes normally transient indicates location and ‘flavour’ of change. if object previously coded: transient indicates change location comparison can be made if object not coded ‘flavor’ can be used to guess at change

Ron Soda Foot compare FLICKER INFORMATION AVAILABLE: (previously stored) Ron Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda Bag

Detecting changes when there are global transients if object coded: slow search for change location if object not coded: no hope.

Using a global transient Flicker –Rensink, O’Regan & Clark,1997; 1999 Eye saccades –Currie, McConkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995; McConkie & Currie, 1996 Blinks –O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999 Film cuts –Levin & Simons, 1997

D. Simons & D. Levin

Using distracting local transients “Mudsplashes” –O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)

Ron Pepsi Foot compare MUDSPLASH INFORMATION AVAILABLE: (previously stored) Ron Hotel Foot Table x y z w r Soda Bag

Principle: render transients inoperative –Drowned by global transient: flicker, saccade, blink, film cut –Diversion by local transient (mudsplash) –No transient: slow change (R. Chabrier) Change blindness experiments

Chabrier & O’Regan, submitted

Recent sources on CB Vis Cog 2000, 1/2/3 (Ed. Dan Simons) Fleeting Memories (Ed. V. Colthert) MIT Press,

Recent issues on CB implicit memory, unconscious recall layout cognitive description CB in dynamic scenes iconic memory, masking