Morgan Briggs, Knoxville Catholic High School Labview Computer Program Compatible with Wireless Implantable Glucose Monitoring System Morgan Briggs, Knoxville Catholic High School Ifana Mahbub and Dr. Kamrul Islam CURENT, University of Tennessee Final Presentation Knoxville, TN

GOALS OF PRESENTATION What is diabetes ? What are some of the present prototypes for implantable glucose sensors, and what are the drawbacks? What will the program designed for this implantable sensor do, and how does it function? How will my program alarm patients of unhealthy glucose levels? Is my program compatible with the sensor? How will the program help diabetes patients in the future? 1

DIABETES Lack of insulin produced in the pancreas Type 1and Type 2 Insulin resistance may occur in the body, along with Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia, which may lead to ketoacidosis Hypoglycemia can cause seizures which must be treated by glucagon. Patients must regulate their blood glucose levels very closely 347 million people worldwide have diabetes[1] World Health Organization (WHO)

Frequent urination and increased thirst. Quick Solutions Ketoacidosis: DIABETES Hypoglycemia: Shakiness, anxiety, sweating, blurred vision, and headaches Hyperglycemia: Frequent urination and increased thirst. Quick Solutions Ketoacidosis: Diabetic coma, excessive amount of ketones Very common to experience

GLUCOSE SENSORS TODAY Sensors for Medicine and Science (SMSI) has developed an implantable sensor. Sleep Well Glucose Monitoring Wearable Band has proven to be very successful.

GLUCOSE SENSORS CONTINUED

HEALTH HAZARDS If the sensors contain batteries, there can be several life- threatening issues that can occur if not careful. Batteries can leak acid into the bloodstream which would almost immediately kill the patient. Also, batteries can overheat, burning the skin near the wrist area.

HEALTH HAZARDS CONTINUED One of the main problems with the sensors is potential cell refusal. Many engineers are testing out new methods of micro-fabrication.

LABVIEW PROGRAM Signal Processing Unit that gives off a frequency proportional to DC current An Amperometric Electrochemical Sensor Named Potentiostat will generate a current that corresponds to glucose concentration A Data Acquisition Card will give the frequency values to the Labview Program to generate a square wave graph and value table. The transmitter will give off a signal that is received by the ZigBee receiving module.

DAQ CARD Analog Input and Digital Input are used to acquire signals Analog Output and Digital Output are for generating signals

DAQ A DAQ assistant must be used in Labview to receive data. The DAQ assistant recognizes the DAQ card that is plugged into the USB port. The ground wire of the source is connected to the ground pin of the DAQ card.

PROCESS OVERVIEW Simulating Signal Read to Text Files Slope formula conversion LED lighting

LABVIEW

LABVIEW CONTINUED

SIMULATION SIGNAL 15

EQUATIONS y1-y2 = slope slope= glucose1-glucose2 x1-x2 frequency1-frequency2 Slope of a straight line: y= mx+c y= glucose concentrations m=slope x= frequency values c= constant

EQUATIONS IN LABVIEW

POWERING LEDs Two LEDs were wired to my program using DAQ assistants and the DAQ card. The first LED signaled anything less than 3mg/dL, alarming the patient of hypoglycemic conditions. The second LED lit when the glucose concentration was greater than 25mg/dL, to inform the patient about his or her hyperglycemic condition.

LEDs CONTINUED Port 0 and 1 of Digital Output were used to power the LEDs. The LED bulbs required 5 Volts to power. The lights turned on and off, corresponding to the various hyper or hypoglycemic conditions being shown in the Labview program.

LEDs IN LABVIEW

TEST FOR COMPATIBILITY My Labview Program was tested with the actual prototype, seen in the silver box, to test for compatibility. The program successfully received the frequency values that were given off by the sensor and converted them to glucose concentrations.

FUTURE OF THIS PROGRAM Eliminate finger pricking. Alarm patients of dangerous blood glucose levels through LEDs. Ensure the safety and well-being of many Diabetes patients.

References "American Diabetes Association." American Diabetes Association. Convio, 1995. Web. 08 July 2014. IEEE. Implantable Glucose Sensors: Progress and Problems. Francis Moussy Patent. 2002. Print. IEEE. “A Wireless Powered Implantable Bio-Sensor Tag System-on- Chip for Continuous Glucose Monitoring.” Shuo Guan, Jingren Gu, Zhonghan Shen, Junyu Wang, Yue Huang, Andrew Mason, 2011. Print. IEEE. “A Wireless-Implantable Microsystem for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring.” Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi and Graham Jullien, Patent. June 2009. Print

THANK YOU! Thank you to CURENT, National Science Foundation, and the United States Department of Energy for allowing me this opportunity to research. Any Questions??