World War I Treaties

Treaty of London (1915) By 1915 Italy has realized that the Alliance power will not win the war and therefore will throw her support to the Entente powers (Britain, France, and Russia)

In return for their support Italy shall obtain, Tyrol, Trieste, Dalmatia which was under the control of the Austrian-Hungary Empire

Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1917) signed by Russia and Germany Due to the political, economic, and social problems in Russia and to add insult to injury Russia was in the mist of a Revolution.

Russia was at the same time taking on heavy casualties with its war against Germany Russia forced to give up the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania), Finland, and Ukraine As a result Russia capitulates

Neuilly Treaty (1919) Due to Bulgaria’s support as a centrist power (Alliance), Bulgaria: was reduced in size (lost territory to Greece and Romania) Limited its army to 20 000 men

Recognize the existence of Yugoslavia Forced to pay reparation payments of over $400 million

Treaty of Sevres (1920) & Treaty of Lausanne (1923) Ottoman Empire is partitioned into new countries and other territories are put under the Mandate of Great Britain and France Armenia was given its independence

Greece and Bulgaria acquired more territories Ottoman Empire is greatly reduced Its armies limited to 50 000 and is forbidden to have an Air Force Iraq and Palestine are under the Mandate of Great Britain Lebanon and Syria are under the Mandate of France The Bosphorus, Dardanelles straits and the Sea of Marmara were to be demilitarized and internationalized

Because of the Turkish War of Independence the Treaty of Serves had to be renegotiated hence the Treaty of Lausanne 1923 The result was the nation of Turkey was recognized

Treaty of St. Germain (1919) Austrian-Hungary Empire is separated into 4 new countries: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia Territory was also given to Poland, Italy and Romania The Austrian army was limited to 30 000

Treaty of Trianon (1920) Treaty deals with the second half of the Austrian–Hungary Emipre. Hungary becomes an independent nation

The Polish Question Poland is given its independence and is considered a buffer state b/w Germany and Russia The division b/w the two countries was known as the Curzon line proposed by British foreign secretary G. Curzon

Changes in territories after WWI Belgium is given its sovereignty back Alsace and Lorraine is given back to France Independence to both Austria and Hungary Serbia is given access to the Aegean Sea

New countries in Europe after WWI Finland (Russia) 3 million pop. Estonia (Russia) 1 million pop. Latvia (Russia) 2 million pop. Lithuania (Russia) 2 million pop. Poland (Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary) 30 million pop. Yugoslavia (Austria and Hungary, Serbia, and Montenegro) 12 million pop. Czechoslovakia (Austria-Hungary) 12 million pop.

Peace Treaty of Versailles lose of territory: Alsace and Lorraine given to France West Prussia given to Poland Danzig to be an international city

Schleswig given back to Denmark Saar Basin given to France for 15 years German people stay where they are Lose of all colonies in Africa and in the Pacific Rim War guilt clause on Germany Reparation payments of $33 billion (Germany never ends up paying the full amount)

Reparation payments of $33 billion (Germany never ends up paying the full amount) Germany’s army is limited to 100 000 soldiers Germany can not: draft any of its citizens for military service Develop an Air force Build any submarines Build defenses along the French border

Why was Germany hit so hard? To Stop German Aggression Liberation of people from the former Empires Limitation of arms/weapons (limit the possibility of war War is now criminal act Creation of the League of Nations