Section 3: The Jefferson Administration Chapter 6 Section 3: The Jefferson Administration

Reducing Government Changes Refused to deliver speeches to Congress- too much like a king Asked to be addressed “Mr. President” Reduced the amount of taxes paid by the American people & severely cut the size of the federal bureaucracy

Cut the number in the army by 3,000 Goal was to limit national government in people’s lives

Jefferson & the Courts The Judiciary Acts Judiciary Act of 1789 Created a national court system with 3 circuit courts & 13 district courts, all headed by the Supreme Court Court would settle differences between state & federal laws

Judiciary Act of 1801 Decreased the # of Supreme Court justices & increased the # of federal judges Outgoing members of Congress were trying to limit Jefferson’s opportunity to appoint judges to the Supreme Court & leave Federalist judges in office

Adams filled the posts before leaving office Known as midnight judges One of Adams’ appointments was John Marshall- sworn in as Chief Justice Helped establish many important principles of constitutional law

Marbury v. Madison Jefferson tried to deny the appointment of Federalist judges Adams appointed William Marbury as justice of the peace for D.C. Secretary of State James Madison never delivered the official papers (Ordered by Jefferson)

Marbury sued Madison- demanding to let him take office V.

Judicial Review Marshall ruled against Marbury declaring it was against the Constitution for the Supreme Court to give this order to the Executive Branch Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Power enables courts to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional Allows federal courts to review state laws & state court decisions to determine if they’re keeping with the Constitution

Jefferson’s Progress in the West The Land Ordinance of 1800 Northwest Ordinance of 1787- established a process by which territories could become states Land Act of 1800- people were able to buy land in small parcels & on credit

Napoleon & the French Gained control from the Spanish of the mouth of the Mississippi River & New Orleans French used this control to extract large sums of money from American traders Jefferson sent Monroe as ambassador to buy New Orleans for up to $10 million

The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon planned on creating a French empire in the Americas His attempt to crush a rebellion in Haiti failed, so he changed his mind He wanted to sell all the French claims

Monroe & Livingston offered him $15 million without Congress’ or President’s approval Constitution didn’t mention the purchase of foreign lands Dramatically increased both national debt & size of the US

The Lewis & Clark expedition Began spring 1804 Goal was to search for river routes to the Pacific Ocean, make contact with the natives, & gather information about the region’s natural resources

To help with the mission they hired a French Canadian fur trapper & his wife Sacagawea as interpreters Reached Pacific Ocean in 1805

The Election of 1804 1st term Succeeded in lowering taxes, acquiring new territory, & allowed the Alien & Sedition Acts to expire & kept the nation at peace

The Federalist Dilemma Only support came from the industrial centers of New England

Burr decided in 1804 to run as governor of New York as a Federalist Hamilton & Burr Burr decided in 1804 to run as governor of New York as a Federalist

Hamilton opposed Burr’s governorship & urged friends & supporters not to support Burr Efforts were successful- Burr didn’t even receive a nomination Burr was furious Summer 1804- Burr wrote to Hamilton & challenged him to a duel

Hamilton accepted to prove his courage to the nation

Duel July 11, 1804 Both fired shots & Hamilton fell, mortally wounded Burr ruined his own political career Fled NY to avoid being prosecuted with murder

Tried with treason in 1807 Jefferson won a second term Defeated Federalist Charles Pinckney with 162 electoral votes to 14

Increasing Tensions in Europe The Chesapeake Jay’s Treaty expired in 1805 Both France & Britain were harassing trade ships headed for the opposite country British kidnapped America sailors to serve in their navies

1807- A British ship, the Leopard attacked the USS Chesapeake, inflicting 21 casualties & boarded it to search for deserters from their navy

The Embargo of 1807 Outlawed almost all trade with foreign countries Both countries were largely unaffected Many Americans hated the embargo & led to smuggling

Jefferson was forced to use the navy & federal agents to enforce the law Ruined Jefferson’s second term