Measurements of Neutron-Proton Spin Observables at 0° using Highest Energy Polarized d, n Probes L.N. Strunov Dubna “Delta-SIgma” Experiment Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Introduction To advance studies of the short range spin structure of NN interactions, (np) spin observables were for the first time measured at 0° up to the highest nucleon internal momenta k in np core. Both the bounded polarized (np)-couple (in deuteron) and a polarized free np-couple were probed up to k~5 fm -1 and 6 fm -1 respectively. The highest energy polarized deuteron (up to 9 GeV/c) and polarized monochromatic neutron beams (up to 4.5 GeV/c), provided now only by the JINR accelerators, were used 2,3. These data are in agreement with the SATURNE II ones over the lower k-momentum common range of 2.5 fm -1. Several years ago Dubna (in collaboration with groups from 12 laboratories) began the transmission measurements 3 with both a polarized neutron beam and a polarized proton target. We first measured the energy dependence of the Δσ L (np), neutron- proton total cross section difference for the pure longitudinal (L) spin states for parallel and antiparallel (np) spins, over a new kinetic energy range of 1.2 – 3.7 GeV for a quasi- monochromatic polarized neutron beam. The Δσ L (np) energy dependence 3 shows an anomalous fast decrease to zero above 1.1 GeV and a structure around 1.8 GeV, predicted 4 as a signal of excitation of the lowest lying exotic six-quark configurations in the isosinglet and spin-triplet state 3 S 1 with mass M=2.63 GeV.

Introduction The obtained high momentum dependences of these (np) spin observables 2,3 are surprising for all traditional nuclear models. Their predictions are wrong for the highest momentum (asymptotic) behaviour of these observables related with almost fully overlapping nucleons in fact. We hope now to obtain a complete L,T data set 1 of np spin observables at 0° which is needed for the first direct reconstruction of all three isosinglet amplitudes of forward NN elastic scattering over a GeV energy range. With this very ambitious aim the following will be simultaneously measured for the first time at each chosen Tn: Δσ L and A 00kk, a spin correlation parameter for np→pn charge-exchange (180° in the c.m.s) with the L polarization of n beam and p target; Δσ T and A 00nn with the T-polarized beam and target. The proper equipment mounted in the last year was successfully tested (in simultaneous measurements of n beam transmission through H 2 /D 2 targets and n→p charge-exchange on them).

Introduction The Dubna group fulfilled first measurements under 0° of the ratios R dp “elastic” np charge-exchange yields on H/D targets and defining of the ratios r nf/fl np→pn (0) nonflip and spin-flip contributions to np→pn process. In the region of Tn~1.8 GeV one can expect an anomaly 3 of r nf/fl np→pn – energy dependence (as in the case 3 of the measurements of Δσ L ) if one conforms to the QCD-motivated reasoning (Lomon et al., Matsuda et al.) 4 about a phase transition at this energy of the NN system into the exotic six-quark configuration in the isosinglet and the spin-triplet state 3 S 1 with the mass M≈2.63 GeV. For the exhaustive analysis of this structure 3 using Argand diagrams for Re and Im parts of each of the three NN forward scattering amplitudes, it is required to measure in Dubna not only the complete set 1 of np-spin observables at 0°, but also needed to carry out pilot measurements in the same energy region of the ratio R dp (0) = dσ/dΩ(nd) / dσ/dΩ(np) for yields of “elastic” n→p charge-exchange of non-polarized neutrons on D/H targets that independently defines 1b the ratio r nf/fl np→pn at 0° the spin-nonflip contribution in np→pn to the spin-flip contribution in this process: r nf/fl np→pn = 2/3 R dp -1 – 1. Our preliminary results at Tn=1.0 and 1.2 GeV are: r nf/fl np→pn (0)=0.30±0.3, χ2~0.5/f.d. obtained by R dp measurements at 16 points of t≈(P n θ) 2 interval [1÷30]·10 -4 GeV 2 /c 2 at each Tn.

THE COMING RESEARCH PROGRAM “Delta-Sigma” The coming research program under the project on 2004–2006 is following: 1)Using suitable T-polarized neutron beam and T-polarized proton target to perform at Tn=1.2 – 3.7 GeV. a)the measurements of the Δσ T (np) at the same energy points as for Δσ L (np) with energy steps of 100–200 MeV and expected statistical errors ~ 1 mb; b)the measurements of the energy dependencies of spin-correlation parameters A 00nn (np) at the same energy points as for Δσ T (np) with expected statistical errors 0.02–0.05. These measurements can be performed simultaneously and independently with the Δσ T (np) ones. 2)Using suitable L-polarized neutron beam and L-polarized proton target to perform a)the more precise and detailed measurements of the Δσ L (np) near Tn=1.8 GeV at 2–3 energy points with energy steps of 100 MeV and expected statistical errors less than 1 mb; b)the measurements of the energy dependencies of spin-correlation parameters A 00kk (np) at the same energy points as for Δσ L (np) with expected statistical errors 0.02–0.05. These measurements can be performed independently with the Δσ L (np) ones. 3)Using a high intensity unpolarized deuteron beam for preparing free neutron beam and liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets, the measurements of ratio Rdp=dσ/dΩ(nd) / dσ/dΩ(np) for elastic charge exchange process np  pn at 0 angle with 5% statistical errors at the same energies as for the spin dependent observables.

ACCELERATOR RUN TIME REQUEST Accelerated Beam, Target Tn Range, GeV Intensity, x10 9 particles/cycle Duration, daysPlanned Years of the Measurements Polarized deuterons, T-polarized proton target (see item 1) 1.2 – polarized deuterons, L-polarized proton target (see item 2) Near – – – 2006 Unpolarized deuterons, H2, D2-cryogenic targets (see item 3) 1.2 – –

Accelerators and Tools 1.THE SYNCHROPHASOTRON AND NUCLOTRON OF THE JINR VBLHE 2.RELATIVISTIC (1–5) GEV: POLARIZED NEUTRON BEAMS WITH L OR T ORIENTATION OF POLARIZATION, REVERSION OF POLARIZATION DIRECTION CYCLE BY CYCLE AND AVERAGE POLARIZATION VALUE OF ≈ 0.53 HIGH INTENSITY (2-3)*10 10 d/CYCLE UNPOLARIZED DEUTERON BEAM 3.LARGE POLARIZED PROTON TARGET (PPT) WITH VOLUME OF 140 cm 3 AND POLARIZATION VALUE OF 0.7–0.8 4.CRYOGENIC LIQUID HYDROGEN-H2 AND DEUTERIUM-D2 TARGETS L=30 cm LONG. 5. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP “DELTA-SIGMA” WITH : TRANSMISSION NEUTRON DETECTORS MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER WITH PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS DETECTORS FOR H 2 /D 2 TARGET SURROUNDING (DTS) TIME-OF-LINE (TOF) SYSTEM MODERN DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM In the following section a determination of the NN spin-dependent observables and some results of investigation under the “Delta-Sigma” program will be done. The last accurate data on the neutron-proton spin-dependent total cross- section difference Δσ L (np) at the neutron beam kinetic energies 1.4, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.0 GeV will be presented. A number of physical and methodical results on investigation of the elastic np→pn charge-exchange process over the energy region under discussion will be also presented.

The method of scattered particle detection is used to measure the yield of charge-exchange protons and differential cross section for np→pn process at 0°. A magnetic spectrometer for detection of protons from np→pn elastic charge-exchange at 0°(Lab.), was installed and tested at the polarized neutron beam line. The spectrometer consist of analyzing dipole SP94, two sets of multiwire proportional chambers before and after SP94 for momentum analyzis of detected secondaries, time-of-flight system for particle identification, liquid H 2 or D 2 targets, surrounded by a device STS for detecting of recoils and gammas, and trigger counters A, S1, ST.

The Δσ L,T (np) Observables

Energy dependence of the –Δσ L (np) Red circles – JINR (Delta-Sigma) Red rhombuses – JINR (Delta-Sigma) Green triangles – PSI Violet triangles – LAMPF Green circles – Saturne Solid curves – ED GW/VPI PSA 1) –-- FA95 solution 2) –-- FA99 solution 3) –-- SP03 solution Dotted curve – contribution from nonperturbative QCD interaction includet by instantons.

Energy Dependence of the –ΔσL (I=0) Energy Dependence of the –ΔσL (I=0) calculated from the obtained –Δσ L (np) results and the known pp values.

Measurements of the A00 kk (np) and A00 nn (np) from np  pn process.

R dp ratio for charge-exchange at t=0 and ratio r nf/fl np->pn

The momentum spectra of charged secondaries, detected by spectrometer using H 2 and D 2 liquid targets, at the neutron beam energy of 1.0 GeV.

The momentum spectra of charged secondaries, detected by spectrometer using H 2 and D 2 liquid targets, at the neutron beam energy of 1.2 GeV.

An information from the detectors for target surrounding DTS allows to suppress the contributions from other (inelastic) np-reaction channels. The upper histograms in next figs. Present spectra of angle of deflection of charged secondaries in analyzing magnet obtained without using the information from the DTS. The bottom histograms in the figs. show the same as upper ones but when the signal from the DTS is in anticoincidence with the spectrometer trigger.

The detected particle identification, using both the magnetic analyzis and time-of-flight spectra

Angular dependences of differential cross sections of the np→pn process at 0°, obtained with H 2 and D 2 targets at Tn=1.0 GeV.

An estimation of the ratio R dp (0) at neutron beam energy of 1.0 GeV.

An estimation of the ratio R dp (0) at neutron beam energy of 1.2 GeV.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF C.EX. NP→PN AND ND → P(NN) AT 0° MEASUREMENTS OF THE RATIO R dp OF THE YIELDS OF THESE REACTIONS WERE OBTAINED AT THE FIRST TIME AT Tn > 1 GeV.

AS A RESULT, THE VALUES OF THE RATIOS OF NON SPIN-FLIP TO SPIN-FLIP CONTRIBUTION IN NP → PN C.EX. AT AT 0°, r np->pn nf/fl = R dp (0) -1, WERE OBTAINED AT THE FIRST TIME AT Tn > 1 GeV: ARE OUR PRELIMINARY DATA OBTAINED WITH THE DELTA-SIGMA PECTROMETERWITH LIQUID H 2 /D 2 TARGETS AT THE QUASIMONOCHROMATIC n BEAM (VBLHE,JINR). ALSO, THE RED SQUARE POINT AT Tn = 380 MeV WAS OBTAINED AT JINR [9]. ARE THE POINTS AT Tn = VeV CALCULATED BY R.DINZ [5a] ON THE BASE OF THE RESULTS OF THEIR MEASUREMENTS OF THE COMPLETE DATA SET ON NP SCATTERING [5a], THE BLUE CURVE AND THE EMPTY CIRCLES ARE THE PHASE SHIFT ANALYSIS [8a] RESULTS.

Conclusion