 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation.

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Presentation transcript:

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 Protein › Recall 4 levels of structure and bonds that hold them in place  Substrate-specific: the active site is specifically shaped so only certain molecules fit on it

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 How reactions work:

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 Shape of active site can change slightly as substrate binds  The active site is then molded into a precise conformation--sort of like a hand in a glove  So, some enzymes can act on similar molecules, not just specific ones

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 How do the following relate to enzymes? › active site › substrate › induced fit › energy of activation

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 Enzymes act on one molecule at a time  Reach a saturation point when all enzymes are engaged in reaction

 All enzymes have a specific range for optimal performance  Outside of that range  denature  don’t function

Prevent/Interfere with Enzyme Function

 Competitive inhibitor has same shape as substrate  (competes for active site)  Prevents substrate from binding to active site by binding to active site itself

 Inhibitor binds to allosteric site of enzyme  Active site changes shape, no substrate binds

Help/Increase Enzyme Function

 Cofactor assist with catalytic activities of enzyme  Coenzyme is an organic cofactor › Ex: vitamins

 Change in the enzyme’s shape due to binding of activator at allosteric site  Enzyme is stabilized by activator

 One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to receive more substrates readily  Ex: hemoglobin

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 The switching off of a biochemical pathway by the product of the pathway › Negative feedback › Conserve energy!

 Bozeman Enzymes Video Bozeman Enzymes Video

 I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

 Bozeman video Bozeman video